GWD 一道题目~盼NN~~

水色青空

Q22:
A study by the Ocean Wildlife Campaign urged states to undertake a number of remedies to reverse a decline in the shark population, which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing state waters for shark fishing during pupping season, and requiring commercial fishers to have federal shark permits.
A. which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing
B. which includes establishing limits to the size of sharks that can be caught, closing
C. which include the establishment of size limits for shark catches, the closing of
D. including establishing size limits for shark catches, closing
E. including the establishing of limits to the size of sharks that are caught, the closing of

正确答案是D，有一个问题想请教~
对于动名词，如本题中的including,要怎么确定它的主语呢？为什么D中就能判定including 的主语是remedies 而不是a study?记得好像动名词的主语就是句子主语？？。。。。疑惑。。。。等待NN。。。

水色青空

顶~~

ctkstarcraft

including 在这里不是动名词，是现在分词，修饰a number of remedies

水色青空

including 在这里不是动名词，是现在分词，修饰a number of remedies

-- by 会员 ctkstarcraft (2010/2/11 16:37:43)

原来是这样。。。。。我晕死~~
谢谢噢~~

hughlv

确定主语似乎需要语法结合语义才能得出的。include的主语通常是一个集合，这里a study就可以被排除掉了。但是如果主语是a set of studies我觉得include还是有可能跳跃修饰到它的，那时候只能看语义的。不知道nn们有什么高见？

ghgriffin

我不是大牛
你想想咯，肯定是including在一大堆东西里，怎么可能只在一个study里呢，只有一个怎么包括？

水色青空

确定主语似乎需要语法结合语义才能得出的。include的主语通常是一个集合，这里a study就可以被排除掉了。但是如果主语是a set of studies我觉得include还是有可能跳跃修饰到它的，那时候只能看语义的。不知道nn们有什么高见？

-- by 会员 hughlv (2010/2/11 22:40:00)

我不知道要怎么确定主语，不过这道题单从意思上来看，应该是remedies比较合理吧？~~

水色青空

我不是大牛
你想想咯，肯定是including在一大堆东西里，怎么可能只在一个study里呢，只有一个怎么包括？

-- by 会员 ghgriffin (2010/2/12 4:06:06)

study 也可以包括很多方面嘛~
但是这道题目从意思上来看应该是指remedies，其他情况就要具体分析了啊~~
我是这样认为的~~