PREP1-45 代词指代顺序

tianmo0512

                                                               prep1-45                                                                
                                       

45.   Theapplication of a new method for analyzing the chemistry of tooth enamelallows scientists to examine molars of prehuman ancestors anddetermining that their diets were more varied than had been supposed.

(A)The application of a new method for analyzing the chemistry of toothenamel allows scientists to examine molars of prehuman ancestors anddetermining

(B)Through the application of a new method for analyzing the chemistry oftooth enamel, the molars of prehuman ancestors were examined byscientists who determined

(C)When they applied a new method for analyzing the chemistry of toothenamel, scientists examined molars of prehuman ancestors, determining

(D)Applying a new method for analyzing the chemistry of tooth enamel, themolars of prehuman ancestors have been examined by scientists, whodetermined

(E)Applying a new method for analyzing the chemistry of tooth enamel,scientists have examined molars of prehuman ancestors and determined

key:E

未划线部分显然指代的是prehuman 笔记上说是就近指代，不过不是有优先指代主句主语之说嘛？那不就成了scientists嘛？

请NN解释下 代词的指代顺序问题

tianmo0512

up~

Sherry_Wong

那应该是从句中作主语的代词优先指代主句主语，还得考虑语法形式是否符合，不符合时可以指宾语。
你这个题的their是在同一个主句中，还是应该尽量就近指代。
Although just inside the orbit of Jupiter, amateur astronomers with good telescopes should be able to see the comet within the next few weeks.
B.Although it is just inside the orbit of
正确答案B中it 就是从句中做主语代词，应优先指代主句主语amateur astronomers，但语法形式不符主语是复数，就指代宾语comet。从语义上也能作出判断it只能指comet。

tianmo0512

那应该是从句中作主语的代词优先指代主句主语，还得考虑语法形式是否符合，不符合时可以指宾语。
你这个题的their是在同一个主句中，还是应该尽量就近指代。
Although just inside the orbit of Jupiter, amateur astronomers with good telescopes should be able to see the comet within the next few weeks.
B.Although it is just inside the orbit of
正确答案B中it 就是从句中做主语代词，应优先指代主句主语amateur astronomers，但语法形式不符主语是复数，就指代宾语comet。从语义上也能作出判断it只能指comet。

-- by 会员 Sherry_Wong (2010/2/5 22:47:57)

那想45题中的B their是不是该优先指代scientists呢？是否存在指代歧义呢？
如果在同一句中前面有可以指代的东西，就是就近指代？如果是在从句中主语宾语都可以指代时就产生歧义了？逻辑是否通顺用管嘛？
你举得例子中it可以向后指代的？？

tianmo0512

那应该是从句中作主语的代词优先指代主句主语，还得考虑语法形式是否符合，不符合时可以指宾语。
你这个题的their是在同一个主句中，还是应该尽量就近指代。
Although just inside the orbit of Jupiter, amateur astronomers with good telescopes should be able to see the comet within the next few weeks.
B.Although it is just inside the orbit of
正确答案B中it 就是从句中做主语代词，应优先指代主句主语amateur astronomers，但语法形式不符主语是复数，就指代宾语comet。从语义上也能作出判断it只能指comet。

-- by 会员 Sherry_Wong (2010/2/5 22:47:57)

还有这题their也是位于从句吧……按理说也应该优先指代scientists啊……像
24.    Several years ago the diet industry introduced a variety of appetite suppressants, but some of these drugs caused stomach disorders severe enough to have them banned by the Food and Drug Administration.
(A) stomach disorders severe enough to have them
(B) stomach disorders that were severe enough so they were
(C) stomach disorders of such severity so as to be
(D) such severe stomach disorders that they were
(E) such severe stomach disorders as to be
key D 中的they就指代的是drugs
求解。。什么时候会发生指代歧义呢？

Sherry_Wong

如果从句代词作主语，代词优先指代主句主语。
如果语义上不合逻辑，比如上题Although amateur astronomers arej ust inside the orbit of Jupiter就是逻辑不合理，或语法形式上不合理，比如amateur astronomers 复数和it单数对应不上，再判断是否能够指代宾语，发现it指代comet语义和语法上都ok。
两种方法都可以
it前面没有东西就可以往后指代

Sherry_Wong

偶指的是although, but, because等引导的状语从句中作代词的主语，应优先指主句中的主语，指代不了再按上面我说的看指代宾语行不行，你那个their就在主句中，既然能老老实实指代最近的prehuman ancestors ，为什么还要有歧义的错误的去指代scientists呢？
24题的they确跳跃指代了drugs，没办法，因为指代就近disorders的逻辑不同。
不是说必须就近指代，而是一般就近指代。更准确的说是按逻辑意思指代。先看就近指代是否符合逻辑意思指代，不行再跳跃指代。
当然，我前面说的一大通都可以用一句话来归纳，那就是代词按逻辑意思指代。但这么说不好操作啊，所以就分情况讨论啦。

tianmo0512

偶指的是although, but, because等引导的状语从句中作代词的主语，应优先指主句中的主语，指代不了再按上面我说的看指代宾语行不行，你那个their就在主句中，既然能老老实实指代最近的prehuman ancestors ，为什么还要有歧义的错误的去指代scientists呢？
24题的they确跳跃指代了drugs，没办法，因为指代就近disorders的逻辑不同。
不是说必须就近指代，而是一般就近指代。更准确的说是按逻辑意思指代。先看就近指代是否符合逻辑意思指代，不行再跳跃指代。
当然，我前面说的一大通都可以用一句话来归纳，那就是代词按逻辑意思指代。但这么说不好操作啊，所以就分情况讨论啦。

-- by 会员 Sherry_Wong (2010/2/5 23:48:54)

明白了！还是具体问题具体分析。不过要是前面有两个在逻辑上都说得通时，就直接歧义了吧？

Sherry_Wong

貌似很少见吧。

tianmo0512

貌似很少见吧。

-- by 会员 Sherry_Wong (2010/2/6 0:30:26)

也是。。那就不把代词歧义作为排除选项的首要依据啦？基本上哪个逻辑说的通就指代哪个？