Prep题: Schistosomiasis, a disease caused by a parasitic worm, is prevalent in hot, humid climates, and it has become more widespread as irrigation projects have enlarged the habitat of the freshwater snails that are the parasite's hosts for part of its life cycle. a> the freshwater snails that are the parasite's hosts for part of its life cycle b> the freshwater snails that are the parasite's hosts in part of their life cycle c> freshwater snails which become the parasite's hosts for part of its life cycles d> freshwater snails which become the hosts of the parasite during the parasite's life cycle e> parasite's hosts, freshwater snails which become their hosts during their life cycles
看完题之后，我的第一思维是：代词指代除了问题，很明显第一个it 指Schistosomiasis， 第二its可能是想要指parasite或snails（至于题意要求指哪一个，我还真没看出来，也许你是高手，一眼就能根据所谓“题意逻辑”做出无比准确的判断） 第二步：我把所有含its的选项排除，剩下B D E. DE中的which一般不引导限定性定语从句（根据OG以往的解释），貌似现在就可以排除DE，选取B做正确答案了。 第三步：看B选项，they和it指代不同对象，无比清晰，选之。 这就是我做这道题的全部过程。也许你又是高手，一眼看出了B中their life cycle 中的 cycle应该为 cycles。很不幸，在经过上述“正确”推理，我还怎么关注这一点。即使关注到了，在把此题重新思考一遍，估计3～4分钟已经过去，考场上也是不允许的。 很遗憾！答案是A.到底出了什么问题，我本以为这道题我做对了。问题出在哪？
OG10-205. The peaks of a mountain range, acting like rocks in a streambed, produce ripples in the air flowing over them; the resulting flow pattern, with crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, are known as "standing waves."
(A) crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, are (B) crests and troughs that remain stationary although they are formed by rapidly moving air, are (C) crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, is (D) stationary crests and troughs although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, are (E) stationary crests and troughs although they are formed by rapidly moving air, is
正确选项C中的them与主句中的them指代不同对象。 OG10-152： When the technique known as gene-splicing was invented in the early 1970's, it was feared that scientists might inadvertently create an "Andromeda strain," a microbe never before seen on Earth that might escape from the laboratory and it would kill vast numbers of humans who would have no natural defenses against it.
(A) it would kill vast numbers of humans who would have no natural defenses against it (B) it might kill vast numbers of humans with no natural defenses against it (C) kill vast numbers of humans who would have no natural defenses against it (D) kill vast numbers of humans who have no natural defenses against them (E) kill vast numbers of humans with no natural defenses against them 正确选项C；选项中的it与主句中it指代不同名词。
再看上述三题： （主句1）Schistosomiasis, a disease caused by a parasitic worm, is prevalent in hot, humid climates, and it has become more widespread（“主句2”）as irrigation projects have enlarged the habitat of the freshwater snails （“从句1”）that are the parasite's hosts for part of its life cycle（“从句”） .
来看第二题： （ 主句1）The peaks of a mountain range, acting like rocks in a streambed, produce ripples in the air flowing over them;（主句2）the resulting flow pattern , with crests and troughs （“主句3”）that remain stationary（从句1）although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, are known as "standing waves."
接着看第三题： OG10-152： （从句1）When the technique known as gene-splicing was invented in the early 1970's, （主句1）it was feared that scientists might inadvertently create an "Andromeda strain," a microbe never before seen on Earth (从句2)that might escape from the laboratory and it would kill vast numbers of humans who would have no natural defenses against it. 主句1 中的it指代范围是 主句1，如果修饰其的状语从句在前，it还可指代状语从句中的名词，在其后则不可。所以it的指代范围是 从句1+主句1. 从句2中的it其指代范围是 从句2 本身，外加 从句2 修饰对象 a microbe （that）；但是无法指代其无法修饰的 主句1 以及 从句1，因而 不会与主句中的it 发生互动，导致指代不清。
最后，我们看一个800的题目，如何运用到上述知识点解题。(此题参考了CDF某赵老师的讲解) Margaret Courtney-Clarke has traveled to remote dwellings in the Transvaal to photograph the art of Ndebele women, whose murals are brilliantly colored, their geometrical symmetries embellished with old and new iconography and in a style that varies from woman to woman and house to house.
(A) whose murals are brilliantly colored, their geometrical symmetries embellished with old and new iconography and in a style that varies from woman to woman and house to house (B) whose murals are brilliantly colored, their geometrical symmetries are embellished with old and new iconography, and their style is varying among women and houses (C) whose murals are brilliantly colored, their geometrical symmetries are embellished with old and new iconography, and they are in styles that vary from woman to woman and house to house (D) with murals brilliantly colored, their geometrical symmetries embellished with old and new iconography, and their style varies among women and houses (E) with murals that are brilliantly colored, their geometrical symmetries embellished with old and new iconography, and their styles vary among women and houses
题中their的指代范围如下划线：（主句1）Margaret Courtney-Clarke has traveled to remote dwellings in the Transvaal to photograph the art of Ndebele women, （“主句2”）whose murals are brilliantly colored,theirgeometrical symmetries embellished with old and new iconography and in a style that varies from woman to woman and house to house 也许已经看出their所在的独立主格是修饰“主句2”；既然如此，their的修饰范围就是该句，即whose murals。 BCDE的毛病是将 独立主格结构转化为 主句1 的平行并列句，导致their 只能修饰 主句1中的 主语/宾语，无法修饰murals，所以所以错误。 在帖子最后，我希望CD友们把平时所碰到的一代词指代两名词的题目多留意留意，看是否符合上述规律。（当然有部分题目我们认为是指代两个不同名词，但是OG认为是指代同一个名词的，不再讨论之列！如著名的某wine！）
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发表于 2009-11-7 17:52:30
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