请教分词省略结构的用法

iceland17

看XDF老师笔记的时候,发现了一个问题,XDF说分词省略结构要就近修饰,但分词的省略结构逻辑主语应该就是主句的主语吗??这样不就矛盾了,见下题:

1. Selling several hundred thousand copies in six months, the publication of “Maple Leaf Rag” in 1899 was an instant hit, helping to establish Scott Joplin as the preeminent ragtime composer.
(A) Selling several hundred thousand copies in six months, the publication of “Maple Leaf Rag” in 1899 was an instant hit, helping to establish Scott Joplin as the preeminent ragtime composer.
(B) The publication in 1899 of “Maple Leaf Rag” was an instant hit: in six months they sold several hundred thousand copies and it helped establish Scott Joplin as the preeminent ragtime composer.
(C) Helping to establish Scott Joplin as the preeminent ragtime composer was the publication of “Maple Leaf Rag” in 1899, which was an instant hit: it sold several hundred thousand copies in six months.
(D) “Maple Leaf Rag” was an instant hit: it helped establish Scott Joplin as the preeminent ragtime composer, published in 1899 and selling several hundred thousand copies in six months..（E）
(E) Published in 1899, “Maple Leaf Rag” was an instant hit,selling several hundred thousand copies in six months: it helped establish Scott Joplin as the preeminent ragtime composer .

为什么D是错的呢?it指代MLG,published的逻辑主语就是MLG,但是XDF却说published就近修饰composer,所以错.但我觉得是因为后面的selling用了主动态所以错了。

还有一题：

Reared apart from each other,  a recent united states study showed striking similarities in identical twins including many idiosyncrasies of  behavior.

　　A Reared apart from each other,  a recent united states study showed striking similarities in identical twins including many idiosyncrasies of  behavior.

　　B  Reared apart from each other , striking similarities between identical twins that include many idiosyncrasies of behavior  were shown in a recent United states study.

　　C A recent United states study showed striking similarities in identical twins reared apart from each other that include many idiosyncrasies  of  behavior

　　D According to a recent United states study , identical twins reared apart from each other showed striking similarities , including many idiosyncrasies of behavior.

　　E According to a recent united states study, identical twins showed striking similarities reared apart from each other, including many idiosyncrasies behavior.

D选项正确，但是我想问，including many idiosyncrasies of behavior可以修饰前面的striking similarities 吗？？不是应该修饰前面的一整句话吗？？怎么可以修饰逗号之前的先行词了？？？但是用XDF老师的说法还是说的通的。

再一题：

GWD3-Q4:

Yellow jackets number among the 900 or so species of the world’s social wasps, wasps living in a highly cooperative and organized society where they consist almost entirely of females—the queen and her sterile female workers.

A.      wasps living in a highly cooperative and organized society where they consist almost entirely of

B.       wasps that live in a highly cooperative and organized society consisting almost entirely of

C.      which means they live in a highly cooperative and organized society, almost all

D.      which means that their society is highly cooperative, organized, and it is almost entirely

E.       living in a society that is highly cooperative, organized, and it consists of almost all

答案选B,要是用XDF理论为啥E错呢？？

拜托NN们帮我看看，马上就要考了，急问！！！！

[此贴子已经被作者于2009/8/15 13:43:39编辑过]

gmatwc

gwd3-q4

你查下讨论帖，如果不补出 wasps，那么living的修饰会有歧义, yellow jackets 还是wasps.

既可以修饰主句主语，又可认为是wasps的结尾状语修饰

gmatwc

including 没有问题啊，

。。。。明显的相似性，包括行为上的特殊癖好

iceland17

以下是引用gmatwc在2009/8/15 13:58:00的发言：

gwd3-q4

你查下讨论帖，如果不补出 wasps，那么living的修饰会有歧义, yellow jackets 还是wasps.

既可以修饰主句主语，又可认为是wasps的结尾状语修饰

那是不是说分词的省略结构既可以修饰主句主语也可以就近修饰呢??那么第一题的D选项,published并没有用错呢??

gmatwc

楼主这么一说，我还真有点糊涂了~

iceland17

啊!!!!我快晕了,NN们快来帮帮我啊!!!!

yingS

第一题

D) “Maple Leaf Rag” was an instant hit: it helped establish Scott Joplin as the preeminent ragtime composer, published in 1899 and selling several hundred thousand copies in six months.

(一) 2个分词短语放在句首时作伴随状语，其逻辑主语为句子的主语

(二) ing分词放在句尾表伴随状态动作功能，与句子谓语同时发生，逻辑主语等于句子主语

(三) ing分词放在句尾表伴随的结果，整个句子为原因，导致了ing分词的动作发生，无逻辑主语，可以加thus thereby in fact等词

(四) ed分词在句尾优先就近做定语，修饰前面的先行词

D选项中published和selling两个分词是做定语，修饰先行词composer，所以错

而下面这题正好就是分词做定语的例子

D According to a recent United states study , identical twins reared apart from each other showed striking similarities , including many idiosyncrasies of behavior

另外要说的是including和include的区别

including是介词 include是动词 including短语一般用在句尾，作状语或者定语

本句中相当于 striking similarities which include many... ...

最后一题 
  living in a society that is highly cooperative, organized, and it consists of almost all

E选项中living可以做定语修饰前面的wasps，也可以做状语修饰整个句子，产生歧义，

再者后面的it，因为有了逗号和and,表示and后面的句子是和主句并列，也就是Yellow Jackets... 指代错误

再再者entirely和all替换也有问题  改变了句子强调的重心，原来强调的是动词consist所以用了副词entirely

这里用了all，强调了后面的名词females  

而正确选项 wasps that live in a highly cooperative and organized society consisting almost entirely of

其中 wasps单独提出来使修饰更明确，that引导定语从句修饰wasps，后面consisting做定语，先行词society是动作consist的发出者

[此贴子已经被作者于2009/8/15 17:46:33编辑过]

sayhello1983

楼上讲法关于“E选项中living可以做定语修饰前面的wasps，也可以做状语修饰整个句子，产生歧义，” 有些牵强啊，ETS里面可以找很多反例。 

排除 "，ING分词"的选项关键看其他语法错误，不要死扣逻辑修饰哪一个，只要有一个名词可以是发出者，语法上就是正确的(这个我跟几个美国人确认过）。其实可以通过society that is highly cooperative, organized 罗索来排除，n+that+be+adj< adj+n

lijiahui0422

顶楼上，修饰wasps的话一般都不加逗号的，我没有印象哪个题用这种逗号后加想在分词作定语修饰前面的词的...虽然一直有这种定语和状语歧义的说法

iceland17

以下是引用yingS在2009/8/15 17:39:00的发言：

第一题

D) “Maple Leaf Rag” was an instant hit: it helped establish Scott Joplin as the preeminent ragtime composer, published in 1899 and selling several hundred thousand copies in six months.

(一) 2个分词短语放在句首时作伴随状语，其逻辑主语为句子的主语

(二) ing分词放在句尾表伴随状态动作功能，与句子谓语同时发生，逻辑主语等于句子主语

(三) ing分词放在句尾表伴随的结果，整个句子为原因，导致了ing分词的动作发生，无逻辑主语，可以加thus thereby in fact等词

(四) ed分词在句尾优先就近做定语，修饰前面的先行词

恩恩!!总结的真好,终于明白了!!!