with伴随短语形式总结

dreadpower

         365、In addition to having more protein than wheat does, the protein in rice is higher

quality than that in wheat, with more of the amino acids essential to the human diet.

        

             with肯定要修饰the protein in rice 啊，介词短语没有紧跟修饰对象，且肯定不是状语！

tianwan

所谓紧跟修饰对象，如果考虑了分隔修饰后，就是你所提到的上例的情况。由于是分隔修饰，你的例子中的with短语相当于“跟在修饰对象后但用逗号隔开，可能是非限制性定语或状语”。其实这一句话，你也可以把with短语理解成状语的。fficeffice" />

其实理解的关键并不是状语或定语，而是以下两点：

1、         如果介词短语，非限定动词短语需要主语，我们要能找到主语。

2、         修饰成分是限制性的还是非限制性的要分清。

限制和限定是2个不同的概念。 非限定动词（不定式，分词），限制性修饰成分（具有某某属性的东东，隐含的意思是：没有此某某属性的就不是这个东东），非限制性修饰成分（某东东， 此东东有某某属性）。

    

非限制（不是非限定）定语从句一般是跟在修饰对象后用逗号隔开，但不可能是状语，只可能是非限制性定语，因为which明确的表明了定语的身份。

但是介词短语，非限定动词短语跟在修饰对象后但用逗号隔开，可能是非限制性定语或状语，这样是有可能会带来二义性的。这种情况下是定语或状语，语法规则是没有规定的，也没法规定，所以一般不应该作为考点。但ETS不管这一套。

正如分词短语可能简练但没有定语从句准确一样， 这个也要具体例子具体分析。

    

一家之言，请指正。

ecsniffer

以下是引用tianwan在2004-2-25 15:09:00的发言：

    

限制和限定是2个不同的概念。 非限定动词（不定式，分词），限制性修饰成分（具有某某属性的东东，隐含的意思是：没有此某某属性的就不是这个东东），非限制性修饰成分（某东东， 此东东有某某属性）。fficeffice" />

    

tianwan，说的真好！要多来语法区指导呀！



下面这个例子很符合这条规则，当时看了就奇怪，听tianwan这么一说明白了


og141


    141. Unlike transplants between identical twins, whose genetic endowment is the same, all patients receiving hearts or other organs must take antirejection drugs for the rest of their lives.

(A) Unlike transplants between identical twins, whose genetic endowment is the same

(B) Besides transplants involving identical twins with the same genetic endowment

(C) Unless the transplant involves identical twins who have the same genetic endowment

(D) Aside from a transplant between identical twins with the same genetic endowment

(E) Other than transplants between identical twins, whose genetic endowment is the same

In A and B, the phrases beginning Unlike... and Besides... modify patients, the subject of the main clause; thus A absurdly states that Unlike transplants..., patients... must take... drugs, and B that all patients except for transplants... must take... drugs. In B and D the expression identical twins with the same genetic endowment wrongly suggests that only some identical twin pairs are genetically identical. In E, the construction Other than transplants..., all patients... must take... drugs illogically suggests, as in B, that some patients are transplants. Choice C, the best answer, solves these problems by using a clause introduced by Unless to describe the exception to the rule and a nonrestrictive clause beginning with who to describe the characteristic attributed to all identical twins.

    这里有一个大大的疑问，解释中提到who这个从句是nonrestrictive clause，那么，C选项是不是应该添加一个逗号，如下：

(C) Unless the transplant involves identical twins ，who have the same genetic endowment

大家的意见呢？多谢，多谢！

    

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-2-26 9:27:51编辑过]

ecsniffer

以下是引用tianwan在2004-2-24 16:48:00的发言：




介词短语可以做定语和状语，请看下面的例子on the bus：The children on the bus looked at the soldiers. 做限制性定语。The children, on the bus, looked at the soldiers. 做非限制性定语，但也有可能做状语。 On the bus, the children looked at the soldiers. 做状语。


所以，同非限定动词（infinitive, participle)词组一样，介词词组紧跟修饰对象后做限制性定语；跟在修饰对象后但用逗号隔开，可能是非限制性定语或状语；放在句首做状语。

我记得以前做过一道题，就是犯了“跟在修饰对象后但用逗号隔开，可能是非限制性定语或状语”进而导致其中修饰成分既可做定语修饰前面的n.又可做状语修饰后面的v.的错误，不过找不到了，大家谁有看到，就跟贴把它揪出来！

JerryGuan

og141


    141. Unlike transplants between identical twins, whose genetic endowment is the same, all patients receiving hearts or other organs must take antirejection drugs for the rest of their lives.

(A) Unlike transplants between identical twins, whose genetic endowment is the same

(B) Besides transplants involving identical twins with the same genetic endowment

(C) Unless the transplant involves identical twins who have the same genetic endowment

(D) Aside from a transplant between identical twins with the same genetic endowment

(E) Other than transplants between identical twins, whose genetic endowment is the same

In A and B, the phrases beginning Unlike... and Besides... modify patients, the subject of the main clause; thus A absurdly states that Unlike transplants..., patients... must take... drugs, and B that all patients except for transplants... must take... drugs. In B and D the expression identical twins with the same genetic endowment wrongly suggests that only some identical twin pairs are genetically identical. In E, the construction Other than transplants..., all patients... must take... drugs illogically suggests, as in B, that some patients are transplants. Choice C, the best answer, solves these problems by using a clause introduced by Unless to describe the exception to the rule and a nonrestrictive clause beginning with who to describe the characteristic attributed to all identical twins.

    这里有一个大大的疑问，解释中提到who这个从句是nonrestrictive clause，那么，C选项是不是应该添加一个逗号，如下：

(C) Unless the transplant involves identical twins ，who have the same genetic endowment

大家的意见呢？多谢，多谢！

我也觉得如果是non-restrictive clause应该加一个“，”；否则，还是那个限定性的意思，只有那么have the same genetic endowment的twins 。


或者说是我们对“限定性”“限制性”的不同点不了解？


（当然解这题，不需要这么复杂，但探讨却可以无限复杂！）

mariezhu

问题是which引导nonrestrictive clause时需要在前面加comma，who引导时需要么？好像没见过哎

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-3-24 10:45:26编辑过]

ethyl

好贴！

cissygu

gwd10-22

Floating in the waters of the equatorial Pacific, an array of buoys collects and transmits data on long-term interactions between the ocean and the atmosphere, interactions that affect global climate.

A atmosphere, interactions that affect

B atmosphere, with interactions affecting

这题为什么不选B而选A呢．谢谢指教：）

billytang1980

以下是引用ecsniffer在2004-2-24 0:36:00的发言：
bryony，说的是这题吧

937、   With a total population of less than two hundred and fewer breeding females than ever before, the American crocodile seemed a decade ago to be in danger of disappearing.

(A) of less than two hundred and fewer

(B) lower than two hundred and less

(C) lesser than two hundred and fewer

(D) fewer than two hundred and less（A）

(E) of fewer than two hundred and of fewer

是，这里做伴随状语我看着也觉得怪，但是做定语感觉也很怪，介词短语做定语一般放在被修饰成分的后面，放在前面做定语的情况也有么？

我手头没有语法书，大家帮我查一下，验证一下，这里的with短语到底做什么成分。

thks,for further discussion!

我认为这里是“with短语，主句”的形式，所以可以解释为“有。。。”，表示美国鳄鱼有多少多少。

rockmax

ding