请教 PREP SC1 - 182

Mayanist

182.
            (32026-!-item-!-188;#058&006326)

 

The organic food industry has organized a successful grassroots campaign—using Web sites, public meetings, and also mass mailings—that have convinced the Department of Agriculture to change the proposed federal regulations for organically grown food.

A. using Web sites, public meetings, and also mass mailings—that have convinced

B. using Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—that has convinced

C. by using Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—in convincing

D. by the use of Web sites, public meetings, as well as mass mailings—that convinced

E. which used Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—in convincing

答案是B.

我选C了，当时感觉有 "---" 又用by不太好，但是又觉得 that has convinced 没有 in convincing读起来顺。

请大家帮忙分析一下C的关键错误

谢谢！

songlovegt

我认为，by using Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings是介词短语，应该优先作定语修饰campaign, 但原句中用using Web sites, public meetings, and also mass mailings感觉应该是做状语成分修饰主句。
另外，查了Longman，
campaign for/against
a campaign for equal rights
Jones ran a good campaign .
没有campaign in 这个用法。

open to talk

aeoluseros

关于C的毛病：
1、"--"中间部分可以视作插入语，插入语中使用doing结构即可表示一种伴随(状语）结构,没有必要再用by
2、that引导限定性定语从句.in convincing(in doing sth.)是目的状语，改变原句意。
open to discuss

Mayanist

谢谢两位！同意你们的说法 - 插入成分还是做伴随状语好。

1）又查了一下薄冰的语法书：“—”相当于括号，但是没有括号正式，其中内容可以是进一步解释，应该是对版主“没有必要再用by”的印证。

2）忠实原文确实很关键。

再谢

balabaladou7

C的关键错误我认为是 by using --redundant,因为这里的“--”已经明确了using 和campain的关系。

OG 中有一道题也是by using的问题。

用in convincing 不如that从句好，原因有二：

1）插入语分隔开的两个部分应该是个完整的句子，那么in doing应该和前面有关系，比如固定搭配，习惯用法（interested in doing），但这里是用in doing 表示campain的目的，没有线索，且不如that定语从句指向明确。

2）有歧义，容易理解成using...in doing....违背愿意。

其他句问题，

A. using Web sites, public meetings, and also mass mailings—that have convinced --have 应 单数 对应campain

B. using Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—that has convinced --correct

C. by using Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—in convincing --如上解释

D. by the use of Web sites, public meetings, as well as mass mailings—that convinced --by the use of 使用awkward；as well as 使用没有问题吧？

E. which used Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—in convincing --which 从句使得主语为campain，即campain主动使用 Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings。in convincing 如上

open to discuss

balabaladou7

找到OG那个题，虽然解释没有明确提，但可以作为一个参考。格式？这是为什么呢？

264. Scientists believe that unlike the males of most species of moth, the male whistling moths of Nambung, Australia, call female moths to them by the use of acoustical signals, but not olfactory ones, and they attract their mates during the day, rather than at night.

(A)  by the use of acoustical signals, but not olfactory ones, and they attract

(B)  by the use of acoustical signals instead of using olfactory ones, and attracting

(C)  by using acoustical signals, not using olfactory ones, and by attracting

(D)  using acoustical signals, rather than olfactory ones, and attract

(E)  using acoustical signals, but not olfactory ones, and attracting

Choice D, the best answer, is concise, maintains parallel structure, and clearly conveys the comparisons being made between the two types of moth. In A and E, the comparison between most male moths and the male whistling moth is not

clear. The use of but not does not clearly convey that most other moths use olfactory signals; rather than would be preferable, as well as parallel to rather than at night. In A, the phrase by the use of is unnecessarily wordy, and the insertion of they is not required. In E, the final verb should be attract (parallel to call), not attracting (parallel to using). Choice B violates parallelism with by the use of... instead of using, as well as with call... and attracting. Choice C distorts the meaning of the original with its suggestion that male whistling moths call female moths to them both by using acoustical signals and by attracting their mates during the day. The insertion of using in not using olfactory ones is unnecessary

clear. The use of but not does not clearly convey that most other moths use olfactory signals; rather than would be preferable, as well as parallel to rather than at night. In A, the phrase by the use of is unnecessarily wordy, and the insertion of they is not required. In E, the final verb should be attract (parallel to call), not attracting (parallel to using). Choice B violates parallelism with by the use of... instead of using, as well as with call... and attracting. Choice C distorts the meaning of the original with its suggestion that male whistling moths call female moths to them both by using acoustical signals and by attracting their mates during the day. The insertion of using in not using olfactory ones is unnecessary

[此贴子已经被作者于2009-2-13 11:05:23编辑过]

Mayanist

以下是引用balabaladou7在2009-2-13 11:02:00的发言：

找到OG那个题，虽然解释没有明确提，但可以作为一个参考。格式？这是为什么呢？

264. Scientists believe that unlike the males of most species of moth, the male whistling moths of Nambung, Australia, call female moths to them by the use of acoustical signals, but not olfactory ones, and they attract their mates during the day, rather than at night.

(A)  by the use of acoustical signals, but not olfactory ones, and they attract

(B)  by the use of acoustical signals instead of using olfactory ones, and attracting

(C)  by using acoustical signals, not using olfactory ones, and by attracting

(D)  using acoustical signals, rather than olfactory ones, and attract

(E)  using acoustical signals, but not olfactory ones, and attracting

Choice D, the best answer, is concise, maintains parallel structure, and clearly conveys the comparisons being made between the two types of moth. In A and E, the comparison between most male moths and the male whistling moth is not

clear. The use of but not does not clearly convey that most other moths use olfactory signals; rather than would be preferable, as well as parallel to rather than at night. In A, the phrase by the use of is unnecessarily wordy, and the insertion of they is not required. In E, the final verb should be attract (parallel to call), not attracting (parallel to using). Choice B violates parallelism with by the use of... instead of using, as well as with call... and attracting. Choice C distorts the meaning of the original with its suggestion that male whistling moths call female moths to them both by using acoustical signals and by attracting their mates during the day. The insertion of using in not using olfactory ones is unnecessary

clear. The use of but not does not clearly convey that most other moths use olfactory signals; rather than would be preferable, as well as parallel to rather than at night. In A, the phrase by the use of is unnecessarily wordy, and the insertion of they is not required. In E, the final verb should be attract (parallel to call), not attracting (parallel to using). Choice B violates parallelism with by the use of... instead of using, as well as with call... and attracting. Choice C distorts the meaning of the original with its suggestion that male whistling moths call female moths to them both by using acoustical signals and by attracting their mates during the day. The insertion of using in not using olfactory ones is unnecessary

clear. The use of but not does not clearly convey that most other moths use olfactory signals; rather than would be preferable, as well as parallel to rather than at night. In A, the phrase by the use of is unnecessarily wordy, and the insertion of they is not required. In E, the final verb should be attract (parallel to call), not attracting (parallel to using). Choice B violates parallelism with by the use of... instead of using, as well as with call... and attracting. Choice C distorts the meaning of the original with its suggestion that male whistling moths call female moths to them both by using acoustical signals and by attracting their mates during the day. The insertion of using in not using olfactory ones is unnecessary

谢谢！显然by the use of 没有using 简洁。不过在并没有评价by using。我也搜索了一下OG10，发现其解释部分大量使用 by using。

New York Times 也似乎没有区分地使用by using: http://query.nytimes.com/search/sitesearch?query=by+using&submit.x=0&submit.y=0&submit=sub

They kept costs down by using second-hand materials when possible, ...

Ms. Kitts, 40, does this all with a new kind of artificial arm that moves more easily than other devices and that she can control by using
        ...

“By using Facebook, we can help millions of people spread the word about condoms ,” said Dr. Monica Sweeney, the assistant health ...

pregnancy rates by using a plastic tube to insert embryos under the lining of the uterus for maturation, rather than in the uterus. ...

看来By using = using，估计后者更好，因为更简洁。

182题的问题可能还是忠实于原文和“—”的用法上，that clause修饰campaign, 而in convincing 是副词性的修饰。

天蝎座1107

以下是引用balabaladou7在2009-2-13 10:33:00的发言：

C的关键错误我认为是 by using --redundant,因为这里的“--”已经明确了using 和campain的关系。

OG 中有一道题也是by using的问题。

用in convincing 不如that从句好，原因有二：

1）插入语分隔开的两个部分应该是个完整的句子，那么in doing应该和前面有关系，比如固定搭配，习惯用法（interested in doing），但这里是用in doing 表示campain的目的，没有线索，且不如that定语从句指向明确。

2）有歧义，容易理解成using...in doing....违背愿意。

其他句问题，

A. using Web sites, public meetings, and also mass mailings—that have convinced --have 应 单数 对应campain

B. using Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—that has convinced --correct

C. by using Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—in convincing --如上解释

D. by the use of Web sites, public meetings, as well as mass mailings—that convinced --by the use of 使用awkward；as well as 使用没有问题吧？

E. which used Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—in convincing --which 从句使得主语为campain，即campain主动使用 Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings。in convincing 如上

open to discuss

MM解释的太赞了!!!我也正想要说by和using是语义重复 还有D的as well as把原先三个词的并列关系改成了两个并列 一个次要 因为A as well as B强调A 而稍带B

xxxyyyzzz1

请教
BY不是有表示“通过使用。。。的方法/通过。。。的手段”的意思吗？
那么如果只用DOING的话，做伴随状语，不会和没有BY是两个意思？

zbna5

以下是引用balabaladou7在2009-2-13 10:33:00的发言：

C的关键错误我认为是 by using --redundant,因为这里的“--”已经明确了using 和campain的关系。

OG 中有一道题也是by using的问题。

用in convincing 不如that从句好，原因有二：

1）插入语分隔开的两个部分应该是个完整的句子，那么in doing应该和前面有关系，比如固定搭配，习惯用法（interested in doing），但这里是用in doing 表示campain的目的，没有线索，且不如that定语从句指向明确。

2）有歧义，容易理解成using...in doing....违背愿意。

其他句问题，

A. using Web sites, public meetings, and also mass mailings—that have convinced --have 应 单数 对应campain
                

B. using Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—that has convinced --correct

C. by using Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—in convincing --如上解释

D. by the use of Web sites, public meetings, as well as mass mailings—that convinced --by the use of 使用awkward；as well as 使用没有问题吧？

E. which used Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—in convincing --which 从句使得主语为campain，即campain主动使用 Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings。in convincing 如上

open to discuss

啥也不说了,看了这个就都懂了...谢谢`