几道prep语法题，快考了~路过的都过来看一下吧~谢谢各位

aeoluseros

一点拙见，欢迎讨论：

29、我的看法是It和they都是严格的“具体某物”的指代：
第一、指代的是前面某个名词短语，而不是像that, those, one那样指代的只是前面名词短语的核心词。
第二、指代的是具体某物，也就是说，包括该物的具体属性，如时间地点等等。
所以如果it指代energy逻辑意思成了“该energy（现在generate出来的）出现在1990年”，而事实上，现在产出来的energy怎么可能出现在1990呢。
而case是个概括性名词，前面发生的或者主句发生的整个事情或同样的事情（不一定就是完完本本前面那件事）。在此就是概括指代“energy generated through wind power”这个事情。

不知道表达清楚没有…

47、A as varied as B，A和B要平行，B用来解释、举例A.
China, the Netherlands, and Hungary是和countries在比较。
加上了are那不就成了China, the Netherlands, and Hungary和green taxes在比较了吗？比较对象概念不对等。

62、a vantage point指代“at or near the center of political events from 1765 to 1789”没有问题。至于E里面从属部分升级成了并列的分句，这个是小毛病。

B中首先如果when引导定语从句，when需要可以逻辑上合理指代的东西：“表示时间的词或词组”。

其次如果when引导时间状语从句，该状从是不能强加的，否则会引入时间的概念（当combined with her talent的时候，言下之意是：有的时候是没有combined with her talent的，或者只有combined with her talent的时候她才是valuable的）改变原意。而且最重要的一点是,when放在那里没有修饰的动词或者主语...要放也放在最后面，that从句的后面，来修饰that那个定语从句的内容。

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-8-22 16:39:55编辑过]

aeoluseros

以下是引用sicivi在2008-8-21 21:31:00的发言：

我想他的意思应该是 when combined...是一个状语从句，必须修饰主句主语，而就像我前面所说的，这个后面不是一个完整的句子。所以没有修饰对象。如果放在that之后，他才可以修饰vantage point. " a vantage point that, when combined with..., made her one of the ...

但是即使是这样，后半部分是对了，但是整个句子结构还是不行。就变成了because ..., MOW was..., a vantage point. 如果vantage point是作为一个同位语，他应该是作为前面句子中的最后一个名词成分的同位语。而显然句意是想让他指代前面所有内容。

不知清楚没有。。。

同位语概括指代前面句子部分的整个内容是正确的吧，白勇里又说到这个同位语的用法。

rorarora

以下是引用aeoluseros在2008-8-22 16:33:00的发言：

一点拙见，欢迎讨论：

29、我的看法是It和they都是严格的“具体某物”的指代：
第一、指代的是前面某个名词短语，而不是像that, those, one那样指代的只是前面名词短语的核心词。
第二、指代的是具体某物，也就是说，包括该物的具体属性，如时间地点等等。
所以如果it指代energy逻辑意思成了“该energy（现在generate出来的）出现在1990年”，而事实上，现在产出来的energy怎么可能出现在1990呢。
而case是个概括性名词，前面发生的或者主句发生的整个事情或同样的事情（不一定就是完完本本前面那件事）。在此就是概括指代“energy generated through wind power”这个事情。

不知道表达清楚没有…

我明白了，一般比较结构是不出现it/they这种表示明确指代的词，只有that..../those....

这题把it改称that就是对的。

省略没有错误。

谢谢aeo兄，感谢感谢！~

rorarora

以下是引用aeoluseros在2008-8-22 16:42:00的发言：

同位语概括指代前面句子部分的整个内容是正确的吧，白勇里又说到这个同位语的用法。

同意。

一般概括指代是 一个,具体名词+that.....;

而n., n.则不能概括指代前一句。

rorarora

以下是引用rorarora在2008-8-22 16:53:00的发言：

我明白了，一般比较结构是不出现it/they这种表示明确指代的词，只有that..../those....

这题把it改称that就是对的。

省略没有错误。

谢谢aeo兄，感谢感谢！~

这真是一个洞，我已经跳进来好几次了~~

 

baobaodezhu

明白了。。。。

rorarora

刚刚看到73题，再更正一下：

73.   According to a recent poll, owning and living in a freestanding house on its own land is still a goal of a majority of young adults, like that of earlier generations.

(A) like that of earlier generations

(B) as that for earlier generations

(C) just as earlier generations did

(D) as have earlier generations

(E) as it was of earlier generations

Logical predication + Parallelism

This sentence compares a single goal shared by generations. The second part of the sentence must have the same structure as the first part:

a clause with a subject and a verb. Like is used to introduce a phrase, but as must he used to introduce a clause. The phrase owning ... land is the subject of the first clause; in the correct sentence, the pronoun it refers back to the phrase and is the subject of the second clause. The first verb is also parallels the second verb was. A goal does not need to be repeated in the second clause because it is understood. The prepositional phrases of a majority of young adults and of earlier generations are parallel and correct.

A     Like introduces a phrase, but a clause, introduced by as, is required to make the comparison parallel

B      The phrase is not parallel to the main clause

C     Subject and verb of the second clause must correspond to those of the first

D     The clause is illogical and not parallel to the main clause

E      Correct. In this sentence as shows comparison and introduces a subordinate clause in which all grammatical elements correspond to those in the main clause.

The correct answer is E.

it仅仅是不能用来代表比较的对象（一般来讲有不同的修饰语，表达的概念外延不同），但是可以在比较结构指代完全相同的内容，要具体辨认。

songlovegt

以下是引用aeoluseros在2008-8-22 16:33:00的发言：

一点拙见，欢迎讨论：

29、我的看法是It和they都是严格的“具体某物”的指代：
第一、指代的是前面某个名词短语，而不是像that, those, one那样指代的只是前面名词短语的核心词。
第二、指代的是具体某物，也就是说，包括该物的具体属性，如时间地点等等。
所以如果it指代energy逻辑意思成了“该energy（现在generate出来的）出现在1990年”，而事实上，现在产出来的energy怎么可能出现在1990呢。
而case是个概括性名词，前面发生的或者主句发生的整个事情或同样的事情（不一定就是完完本本前面那件事）。在此就是概括指代“energy generated through wind power”这个事情。

再来两个大全例子放在一起讨论

386.        In Japan elderly people are treated with far greater respect than most Western countries.

(A) most Western countries

(B) most Western countries do

(C) most Western countries are

(D) they do in most Western countries（E）

(E) they are in most Western countries

they 特定指代 elderly people, in japan 作状语为非限制成分修饰

这儿为什么没有使用 those, 我认为 elderly people 是泛指，并没有限定修饰如 elderly people in Japan, elderly people living in Japan. 即便是特指同一批日本老人也说的过去。

393.        In one of the bloodiest battles of the Civil War, fought at Sharpsburg, Maryland, on September 17, 1862, four times as many Americans were killed as would later be killed on the beaches of Normandy during D-Day.

(A) Americans were killed as

(B) Americans were killed than

(C) Americans were killed than those who

(D) more Americans were killed as there（A）

(E) more Americans were killed as those who

答案中 as 后省略了主语，显然认可主语相同 Americans,

American 被认为是泛指，( In one of the bloodiest battles of the Civil War, fought at Sharpsburg, Maryland, on September 17, 1862, ) 是非限定修饰成分。

再回到这个题

96. (29547-!-item-!-188;#058&004302)

There are hopeful signs that we are shifting away from our heavy reliance on fossil fuels:   more

than ten times as much energy is generated through wind power now than it was in 1990.   

(A) generated through wind power now than it was

(B) generated through wind power now as it was

(C) generated through wind power now as was the case

(D) now generated through wind power as it was

(E) now generated through wind power than was the case

在这儿为什么energy 就一定是特指“该energy（现在generate出来的）”？ 在这儿为什么 now 就一定是 限定性修饰成分呢?

对比以上题目，如何判断比较主体的修饰成分是否是限定修饰呢？特别是定语和状语成分？

[此贴子已经被作者于2009-3-6 1:27:22编辑过]

天蝎座1107

以下是引用aeoluseros在2008-8-22 16:33:00的发言：

一点拙见，欢迎讨论：

29、我的看法是It和they都是严格的“具体某物”的指代：
第一、指代的是前面某个名词短语，而不是像that, those, one那样指代的只是前面名词短语的核心词。
第二、指代的是具体某物，也就是说，包括该物的具体属性，如时间地点等等。
所以如果it指代energy逻辑意思成了“该energy（现在generate出来的）出现在1990年”，而事实上，现在产出来的energy怎么可能出现在1990呢。
而case是个概括性名词，前面发生的或者主句发生的整个事情或同样的事情（不一定就是完完本本前面那件事）。在此就是概括指代“energy generated through wind power”这个事情。

不知道表达清楚没有…

47、A as varied as B，A和B要平行，B用来解释、举例A.
China, the Netherlands, and Hungary是和countries在比较。
加上了are那不就成了China, the Netherlands, and Hungary和green taxes在比较了吗？比较对象概念不对等。

62、a vantage point指代“at or near the center of political events from 1765 to 1789”没有问题。至于E里面从属部分升级成了并列的分句，这个是小毛病。

B中首先如果when引导定语从句，when需要可以逻辑上合理指代的东西：“表示时间的词或词组”。

其次如果when引导时间状语从句，该状从是不能强加的，否则会引入时间的概念（当combined with her talent的时候，言下之意是：有的时候是没有combined with her talent的，或者只有combined with her talent的时候她才是valuable的）改变原意。而且最重要的一点是,when放在那里没有修饰的动词或者主语...要放也放在最后面，that从句的后面，来修饰that那个定语从句的内容。

说的太好了

天蝎座1107

以下是引用baobaodezhu在2008-8-21 12:22:00的发言：

29.  There are hopeful signs that we are shifting away from our heavy reliance on fossil fuels: more than ten times as much energy is generated through wind power now than it was in 1990

A) generated through wind power now than it was

B) generated through wind power now as it was

C) generated through wind power now as was the case

D) now generated through wind power as it was

E) now generated through wind power than was the case

 

Ans:C

Mine:B(为什么不能用it指代energy呢？)

还是it的指代问题。it的指代是全部指代，就是连名词以及其修饰成分一起指代了。如果用了it在这里就变成more than ten times as much energy is generated through wind power now as more than ten times as much energy was in 1990. 显然不对。那么就像版主解释的case的作用-指代前面发生的那件事情。case在这里是指energy is generated through wind power这件事。Prep320中不乏这样的case用法。

59. A new genetically engineered papaya was produced not by seed companies who have been motivated by profit, which was the case with most genetically modified crops previously approved for commercial use, but university and United States Department of Agriculture researchers who allowed growers to use it free of charge.

(A) produced not by seed companies who have been motivated by profit,
                        which was the case with most genetically modified crops previously approved for commercial use, but典型的case迷惑选项，只要记得case要做主语不做宾语，就不容易上当。并且说papaya就是genetically modified crops，而实际上应该是两种情况相似不是完全相等

(B) produced not by profit-motivated seed companies, the case with most genetically modified crops previously approved for commercial use, but这里的case又少了as连词，变成了一个同位语，改变了句意

(C) produced not by profit-motivated seed companies, as was the case with most genetically modified crops previously approved for commercial use, but by

1.其实as was the case in 1990也就是as the case was in 1990的倒装，一定记得要有谓语动词be并且这里case是主语不能再另外加别的. 例如: as was the case with, as was the case in 1990, as would be the case. As would be the case with any star of similar mass, once the Sun exhausts the hydrogen in its core, it will expand into a red giant and eventually eject it souter envelope of gases to become a white dwarf.

2.经常的迷惑错误选项是as it was the case，which was the case with(多了主语it而将本应该是主语的case变成了宾语, 这样就又犯了it全部指代造成意思错误的毛病)...as the case with(少了谓语动词be)...

3.还有一种情况也有些混淆但却是正确的用法:就是没有case时用as...就像...怎样怎样。I designed the project as my mom told me to. Owning and living in a house on its own land is a goal of most adults nowadays, as it was of older generations.

4.in which case固定用法:在这种情况下prep320第149题

Until Berta and Ernst Scharrer established the concept of neurosecretion in 1928, scientists believed that  cells either secreted hormones, in which case they were endocrine cells and thus part of the endocrine system, or conducted electrical impulses, in which case they were nerve cells and thus part of the nervous system.

Until Berta and Ernst Scharrer established the concept of neurosecretion in 1928, scientists believed that  cells either secreted hormones, in which case they were endocrine cells and thus part of the endocrine system, or conducted electrical impulses, in which case they were nerve cells and thus part of the nervous system.

(D) not produced by profit-motivated seed companies, which was the case with most genetically modified crops previously approved for commercial use, but was produced by同A

(E) not produced by seed companies who have been motivated by profit, the case with most genetically modified crops previously approved for commercial use, but by同B