piloteer的白勇题目-11题

菠萝猫

11．The growth of the railroads led to the abolition of local times, which was determined by when the sun reached the observer's meridian and differing from city to city, and to the establishment of regional times.
（A）which was determined by when the sun reached the observer's meridian and differing
（B）which was determined by when the sun reached the observer's meridian and which differed
（C）which were determined by when the sun reached the observer's meridian and differing
（D）determined by when the sun reached the observer's meridian and differed
（E）determined by when the sun reached the observer's meridian and differing

答案是E, 前后led to....and to是个平行结构，然后中间的修饰成分还有个平行结构。用Local times的复数排除了A,B, 还似乎可以用C的平行结构前后语态的不同排除C。最后剩下来的D，似乎可以用differ的逻辑上用被动语态有问题来排除。

但是，如果E是正确的话，这是一个什么结构呢？是过去分词短语和现在分词短语的平行结构修饰前面的名词吗？但是如果这样的话，这两个分词短语结构前后是有逗号的，分词短语可以用逗号隔开地形容前面的词语吗？

非常不解，求NN解答！

hardcandy

determined by when the sun reached the observer's meridian and differing相当于which were determined by when the sun reached the observer's meridian and differ吧

菠萝猫

为什么可以这样相当于？为什么可以省略which were?

hardcandy

是修饰LOCAL TIMES呀

AlienX

..., (which is/are/was/were)+過去分詞...
which is/are/was/were可省, 因為這個過去分詞是很清楚的修preceding名詞(短語).  在OG&P上常見...
可是".., 過去分詞...and 現在分詞..., .."中的過去分詞跟現在分詞同修comma之前的名詞(短語)在OG&P上就只有這一道...
待NN來confirm...

zhaxi8313

我觉得which was/were determined 和直接用determinded做定语都由被动的意思,所以第二个更简洁;而且which结构修饰Noun of Noun时还有修饰歧义的问题;E中的differing的确定 是根据逻辑来的,形式上看似D好,实际上local time differed 就是说被 搞的不同,实际上当地时间不同应该是主动的意思.不知道说的清楚不,经常只是提问题,呵呵,不知道怎么回答,这个跟OG上一个关于历史上年代最久的蘑菇那道题一样的思想..