请教885-2-25

bigcamel

In assessing the problems faced by rural migrant workers, the question of whether they are better off materially than the urban working poor is irrelevant.
(A) In assessing the problems faced by rural migrant workers, the question of whether they are better off materially than the urban working poor is irrelevant.
(B) The question of whether the rural migrant worker is better off materially than the urban working poor is irrelevant in assessing the problems that they face.
(C) A question that is irrelevant in assessing the problems that rural migrant workers face is whether they are better off materially than the urban working poor.
(D) In an assessment of the problems faced by rural migrant workers, the question of whether they are better off materially than the urban working poor is irrelevant.
(E) The question of whether the rural migrant worker is better off materially than the urban working poor is irrelevant in an assessment of the problems that they face.
答案是D   通常对A的解释是IN ASSESSING ..的逻辑主语是THE QUESTION, 所以错. 但看下面一题:
According to United States Air Force officials, a cannon shooting dead chickens at airplanes has proved helpful to demonstrate what kind of damage can result when jets fly into a flock of large birds.
(A) shooting dead chickens at airplanes has proved helpful to demonstrate
(B) shooting dead chickens at airplanes has proved itself helpful as a demonstration of
(C) shooting dead chickens at airplanes proves itself helpful as demonstrating
(D) that shoots dead chickens at airplanes proves itself helpful to demonstrate
(E) that shoots dead chickens at airplanes has proved helpful in demonstrating
答案是E , E中的结构与上面一题虽不完全一样, 但是类似. 似乎这里IN DEMONSTRATING是可以不要逻辑主语的, 表"在...过程中",如果这个想法是对的, 那么上一题的A答案也没问题. 请大家指点!

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-1-13 21:50:23编辑过]

rabbitbug

很同意turtlechen的解释:

以下是引用turtlechen在2004-1-13 23:36:00的发言：


(D) In an assessment of the problems faced by rural migrant workers, the question of whether they are better off materially than the urban working poor is irrelevant.
界词短语做名词性，可视为the question 的同位修饰状语

  

另外, 楼主第二题中的in demonstrating是has proven helpful in doing的搭配关系, 更具体的说, 是helpful后面接in doing. OG53：用 in doing sth 来表达在什么方面做某事，类似的结构在OG上和885上有很多. 这两道题还是要从句意出发, 第一题的in assessing从意思来说是全句的状语, 这里用"in doing"就不太合适, 读起来好像是"question"在做"assessing"这件事, 但是, 句意想表达的却是: "在评价...的时候", 所以, 介词短语"in an assessment"就比较好. 而第二题的in demonstrating是针对"具体说明在那个方面有帮助", 不是全句状语. 所以两个题目不完全一样.

dreadpower

关于这个介词的问题我迷茫了很久，一点个人看法，不知道对不对：

   以前总结：介词在（（句首））时：
   如果介词短语表示方式，时间，地点，作状语，修饰句子，不要求逻辑主语一致。
   如果介词短语表示比较：如besides, like等，要求逻辑主语一致
   如果介词加上一个动作构成短语，要求逻辑主语一致，因为动作的执行者是主语           

   关于这个题目，我觉得in demonstrating的逻辑主语是a cannon 没有问题
   因此觉得上面的讨论原则还是适合的

   请大家发表看法！

bigcamel

谢谢DREADPOWER, 我刚才没找到这个贴子, 所以又发了一个.
但是我还是认为, A CANNON 不可以作IN DEMONSTRATING的主语

bigcamel

请DREADPOWER帮忙把另一个多余的贴子删除吧! 谢谢!!

dreadpower

单纯的 A CANNON 如果作IN DEMONSTRATING的主语，说不通，

但是，如果加上限定修饰成分：a cannon that shoots dead chickens at airplanes

    我觉得能作in demonstrating的逻辑主语

    但是突然有点糊涂了，这句话到底说的是什么意思？？

bigcamel

意思是: 根据美国空军官员(的说法), 往飞机发射死鸡的大炮在证明飞机在飞进鸟群会遭受怎样的损坏上是有帮助的
其它NN们有什么意见吗?

turtlechen

这里我觉得是两种不同的情况：
In assessing the problems faced by rural migrant workers, the question of whether they are better off materially than the urban working poor is irrelevant.

这样使用确实必须是由下句简化而来
(the question which is ) In assessing the problems faced by rural migrant workers, the question…

(D) In an assessment of the problems faced by rural migrant workers, the question of whether they are better off materially than the urban working poor is irrelevant.
界词短语做名词性，可视为the question 的同位修饰状语

According to United States Air Force officials, a cannon hat shoots dead chickens at airplanes has proved helpful
in demonstrating what kind of damage can result when jets fly into a flock of large birds.
界词短语做形容词状语形容what kind
其逻辑主语是指前面整件事情 ： a cannon that…
according to 是整组介词词组。并没有规定逻辑主语这事，来看康桥字典上的例子：
According to Sarah they're not getting on very well at the moment.
According to our records you owe us $130.

zjw007

请问如果把A改成
shooting dead chickens at airplanes has proved helpful in demonstrating 是否也对?

shooting 引导的短语和that 从句有何区别? thanks!

bigcamel

我理解, 分词修饰通常表持续的动作或属性, THAT从句表单个的动作, 所以在这里THAT从句更好.

bigcamel

谢谢TURTLECHEN的解释. 你对第一题的解释我不太明白, 能不能再说说.