一个经常让我们犯错的语法点

youyou3941

先用一个例子

21.   At the time of the Mexican agrarian revolution, the most radical faction, that of Zapata and his followers, proposed a return to communal ownership of land, to what had been a pre-Columbian form of ownership respected by the Spaniards.

(A) land, to what had been a pre-Columbian form of ownership respected by the Spaniards

(B) land, a form of ownership of the pre-Columbians and respected by the Spaniards

(C) land, respected by the Spaniards and a pre-Columbian form of ownership

(D) land in which a pre-Columbian form of ownership was respected by the Spaniards（A）

(E) land that had been a pre-Columbian form of ownership respected by the Spaniards

答案为A，现在没有疑问了。但是我想问问D中以前的讨论帖说that指代land，犯了指代不清的错误，问题是A of B that是可以指代A的，也可以指代B。我觉得这点我常出错，明明AB是都可以指代的，为什么经常又说造成了AB指代的歧义呢？

dingxiang

同意楼主的意见

定从的指代，A of B 结构，可以指代A或者B

原句中用的ownership的同位语，（btw，是G偏爱的形式），这层意思先要清楚。不能随意改变。即communal ownership of land＝a pre-Columbian form of ownership respected by the Spaniards

而D里面用了 communal ownership of  land in which a pre-Columbian form of ownership was respected by the Spaniards

1）定从指代 ownership，那么逻辑关系成了， ownership in which a xxx ownership... 明显逻辑不通

2）定从指代land, 似乎暗示有好多这样的land，但是这里指的是一种这样的land，即a pre-Columbian form of ownership was respected by the Spaniards （好绕啊，不知道说清楚没有）

说白了，就是限制性定从和非限制性定从的区别，这个在OG里面比比皆是

同位语类似非限制性定从， 只是充当进一步解释的作用

而限制性定从是明确作定语的，也就是暗示了，被修饰的对象有好多情况，而句子里面特指定从的那种情况。

不知道说清楚没有，供你参考

youyou3941

谢谢dingxiang，但是我想问E中that可以指代ownership啊，ownership that had been……

well4eva

“规律一” a of b that，“that”优先指代B。

“规律二”同位语的选项比定语从句的选项优（尽量少用代词原则--有效性原则）

dingxiang

以下是引用youyou3941在2008-7-18 14:37:00的发言：
谢谢dingxiang，但是我想问E中that可以指代ownership啊，ownership that had been……

对阿

但是你注意到E用的是限定性从句么？

意思上是有差别的，你再看看我2楼的解释？

youyou3941

我明白啦~~~谢谢dingxiang

TODD_XIE

我也是近期才弄明白限制与非限制的区别的,感觉dingxiang说的已经很明了了.就是那个意思