og140,大全234，关于同位语

tangminshi

Declining values for farm equipment and land, the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, is going to force many lenders to tighten or deny credit this spring.

(A) the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, is

(B) which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season, is

(C) the collateral which is borrowed against by farmers to get through the harvest season, is

(D) which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season, are

(E) the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, are

答案是E.翻了所有的历史帖子，没有NN给出定论，到底the collateral是equipment and land的同位语还是declining values的同位语？从逻辑上来看，应该是equipment and land。但是从语法上和og的解释来看应该是declining values。这个涉及到考试中对同位语这个优选结构的判定问题，及其重要。请NN指点。

georgetseng

规律只适用于大多情况，不是什么时候都适用的。
个人以为，对于xx for yy, which这种情况，（经常还有 a group of xx, which，大家讨论which指的是group还是xx)，
如果which 修饰xx和yy都从意思上都讲得过去，则用语法上的优选，修饰yy。否则，修饰其中一个意思上讲得通的。同位语的情况是一样的。
即便D)是对的，也应该选E)，起码E)比D)简洁。

但D)中 which farmers use as collateral to borrow against中的against应该去掉，否则语法上就错了。
1) I borrow against my home.正确
2) I use my home as collateral, against which I borrow.正确，但罗嗦
3) I use my home as collateral to borrow against. 错；应为，I use my home as collateral to borrow...如果还不是很清楚的话，比较以下几个句子： I use a knife to cut the meat （对）； I use a knife to cut the meat with （错）； I cut the meat with a knife （对）。




Declining values for farm equipment and land, the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, is going to force many lenders to tighten or deny credit this spring.

(A) the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, is

(B) which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season, is

(C) the collateral which is borrowed against by farmers to get through the harvest season, is

(D) which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season, are

(E) the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, are

tangminshi

自己顶上来

singdeath

我觉得语法和逻辑上都是arm equipment and land的同位语，如果是Declining values的同位语，那么这个从句就应该直接出现在Declining values的后面。

reallingling

以下是引用tangminshi在2008-7-6 17:22:00的发言：
Declining values for farm equipment and land, the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, is going to force many lenders to tighten or deny credit this spring.

(A) the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, is

(B) which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season, is

(C) the collateral which is borrowed against by farmers to get through the harvest season, is

(D) which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season, are

(E) the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, are

答案是E.翻了所有的历史帖子，没有NN给出定论，到底the collateral是equipment and land的同位语还是declining values的同位语？从逻辑上来看，应该是equipment and land。但是从语法上和og的解释来看应该是declining values。这个涉及到考试中对同位语这个优选结构的判定问题，及其重要。请NN指点。

从语义上来说 Collateral指代的是equiptment and land，只有设备和土地可以用来做抵押的；贬低的价值作为抵押品语义上不合理

其实个人认为没有必要琢磨那么多，比选项的时候首先排除abc

de比较，发现d中代词which指代不是很清楚；而e的which指代 collateral；选e

rwchinak

确实

XDF规则里是说同位语修饰中心词，不修饰“修饰词”

不过在金融里面，value也可以直接作为“对价”的意思，也就是把value当成抵押，勉强也能说得过去

but……还是等NN来解释吧

dingxiang

OG 10 的 解释：

Choice E, the best answer, succinctly and clearly identifies the Declining values as the collateral against which farmers borrow(重要) and correctly uses the plural verb are.

所以同位语确实是修饰前面成分的中心词

tangminshi

回楼上：所以这才是我头疼的地方，declining values和collateral怎么也联系不到一起。就算做抵押，也得是values,not declining values

tangminshi

回4楼mm：

我记得以前翻阅NN们的讨论精华，发现NN们有个思路值得我们借鉴

不到万不得已，which的指代不能要作为判断答案的依据，因为这东东是爱怎么指就怎么指，属于典型的语法为逻辑服务型。因此你说的靠which的指代清晰来判断答案，个人以为不是最好方案。还是需要将同位语这个语法点弄清楚才行。没有冒犯的意思，:-)

tangminshi

又沉了。。。。。

tangminshi

难道没可能有人回答这道题吗？