有关代词指代的问题？

wdzc

大致从OG上查了一些有关代词指代的问题，哪位能不能说说它的规律。

OG 227
227. Judicial rules in many states require that the identities of all prosecution witnesses are made known to defendants so they can attempt to rebut the testimony, but the Constitution explicitly requires only that the defendant have the opportunity to confront an accuser in court.

A. that the identities of all prosecution witnesses are made known to defendants so they can attempt to rebut
B. that the identities of all prosecution witnesses be made known to defendants so that they can attempt to rebut
C. that the defendants should know the identities of all prosecution witnesses so they can attempt a rebuttal of
D. the identities of all prosecution witnesses should be made known to defendants so they can attempt rebutting
E. making known to defendants the identities of all prosecution witnesses so that they can attempt to rebut

OG中解释说：Choices C and E awkwardly place the plural noun witnesses between the plural pronoun they and its referent, defendants.我觉得如果前面有两个或两个以上的复数名词，后面如果出现代词they的话，应该有歧义。应该用确切的名词来代替代词。但是正确答案B中为什么就确定they是指代defendants。
如在OG 209 中
209. The Senate approved immigration legislation that would grant permanent residency to millions of aliens currently residing here and if employers hired illegal aliens they would be penalized.
A。 if employers hired illegal aliens they would be penalized

OG就解释说in A the referent of they is unclear
还有在OG 31中也是
31. Unlike computer skills or other technical skills, there is a disinclination on the part of many people to recognize the degree to which their analytical skills are weak.
C。 Unlike computer skills or other technical skills, analytical skills bring out a disinclination in many people to recognize that they are weak to a degree.
OG就解释说Also in C, the referent of they is unclear。

请问这两种情况有差别吗？有关代词指代的规则？

1stzhang

这个题目很简单，一下就可以选b.解题的步骤我不说了。
但是，你的问题我在我的一篇帖子《1stzhang的语法三板斧》中已经说过了。你不要过多的纠缠一个答案，gmat的语法很特殊，答案是比较出来的。

og的意思是代词要尽量的就近指代，不要在代词和它的指代名词之间加入其他的单复一致的名词。

其他的题目你最好贴全，有比较才好选择。

wdzc

多谢！
其实答案我没有疑问的选出来了，我只是在总结OG时对代词指代的规则很迷惑，看上去OG中有关代词指代的不象别的规则那样，就是归类后，能普遍实用。我是不是太过于扣细节了！

1stzhang

我没有总结过og，但是网上有很多朋友们都做了总结。代词的使用很灵活，所以非要总结出条条框框是不可能的。只有从选项的比较和逻辑意思的合理性来判断。

braveMBA

我觉得代词指代问题在任何语言中都存在问题，但是毕竟你要找的答案是THE BEST ONE， NOT THE PERFECT ONE。一些OG上的解释也有些牵强，但是不要计较，因为那是OG，就认为它是对的，关键看这道题它究竟想考什么，你是否把握了。1stzhang说的对，我们最主要的目标是要通过GMAT的考试，在此同时能够对ENGLISH有一个重新的认识，对自己的逻辑性、严谨性、句子的正式性、快速阅读能力有提高就可以了。

mindfree

我试着解释一下．在Ａ和Ｂ中，witnesses是identities的修饰成分，所以后面的they不可能指代witnesses. 而意思上identities不能做动作，they只能指代defendents.

在ＬＺＭ的书里有一道题，与此类似．
The British Admiralty and the War Office met in March 1892 to consider a possible Russian attempt to seize Constantinople how they would have to act militarily to deal with them.
这里的一个错误是them指代错误，因为Russian是一个修饰成分，不可能被指代．