- UID
- 303884
- 在线时间
- 小时
- 注册时间
- 2007-12-28
- 最后登录
- 1970-1-1
- 主题
- 帖子
- 性别
- 保密
|
外一片: 虚拟语气 虚拟语气 1) 概念 2) 在条件句中的应用 1 真实条件句 真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况可能发生,其中 if 是如果的意思。 时态关系 句型: 条件从句 主句 一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形 If he comes, he will bring his violin. 注意: 1) 在真实条件句中,主句不能用be going to表示将来,该用shall, will. 2) 表示真理时,主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形,而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。 2 非真实条件句 1)时态:可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。 a. 同现在事实相反的假设。 句型 : 条件从句 主句 一般过去时 should( would) +动词原形 If they were here, they would help you. b. 表示于过去事实相反的假设。 句型: 条件从句 主句 过去完成时 should(would) have+ 过去分词 c. 表示对将来的假想 句型: 条件从句 主句 一般过去时 should+ 动词原形 were+ 不定式 would + 动词原形 should+ 动词原形 If you succeeded, everything would be all right. If you should succeed, everything would be all right. If you were to succeed, everything would be all right. 以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时,主句和从句谓语动词的形式: 条件状语从句 主 句 与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词 与现在事实相反 一般过去时(be用were) would/should/could/might + 动词原形 与将来事实相反 一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形 Would/should/cold/might + 动词原形
.3 混合条件句 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主,从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。 If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. (从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。) If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在). .4 虚拟条件句的倒装 虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略,再把were, should或had 移到从句句首,实行倒装。 Were they here now, they could help us.
|
| | | | | |
|
| | | 注意: 在虚拟语气的从句中,动词’be’的过去时态一律用"were",不用was, 即在从句中be用were代替。 If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你,就会去找他。 If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿,一切都会好的。 5 特殊的虚拟语气词:should 1) It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形, should 可省略。 句型: (1)suggested It is (2)important that…+ (should) do (3) a pity 其中: (1)还有 suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted; (2 )还有 important, necessary, natural, strange (3)还有 a pity, a shame, no wonder 例如:It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week. It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow. 2)在宾语从句中的应用 在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。 order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should ) be sent there. 注意: 如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时",即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时,宾语从句用陈述语气。 The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.
3)在表语从句,同位语从句中的应用 在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形。 My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference. I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
|
| | | | | |
|
3 | 虚拟语气 | | 7 比较if only与only if only if表示"只有";if only则表示"如果……就好了"。If only也可用于陈述语气。 I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了,我才会醒。 If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响了,就好了。 If only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来。
8 It is (high) time that It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形,但should不可省略。 It is time that the children went to bed. It is high time that the children should go to bed.
语法之——倒装句 1 倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和 一般过去时。常见的结构有: 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter. 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman. 注意:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes. Away they went. 2 倒装句之部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。 1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。 Never have I seen such a performance. Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 当Not until引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装。 注意: 如否定词不在句首不倒装。 I have never seen such a performance. The mother didn"t leave the room until the child fell asleep.
|
| | | | | |
|
4 | 虚拟语气 | | 2) Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is. A. man did know B. man know C. didn"t man know D. did man know 答案D. 看到Not until…的句型,我们知道为一倒装句,答案在C,D 中选一个。 改写为正常语序为,Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前,后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。 .3 以否定词开头作部分倒装 如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 典型例题 No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily. A. the game began B. has the game begun C. did the game begin D. had the game begun 答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时,一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when 等等。 注意:只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时,才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语,不可用倒装结构。 Not only you but also I am fond of music. .4 so, neither, nor作部分倒装 表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装。 Tom can speak French. So can Jack. If you won"t go, neither will I. 典型例题 ---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? ---I don"t know, _____. A. nor don"t I care B. nor do I care C. I don"t care neither D. I don"t care also 答案:B. nor为增补意思"也不关心",因此句子应倒装。A错在用 don"t 再次否定, C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。 D缺乏连词。 注意: 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时,不可用倒装结构。意为"的确如此"。 Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. ---It"s raining hard. ---So it is. .5 only在句首要倒装的情况 Only in this way, can you learn English well. Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 如果句子为主从复合句,则主句倒装,从句不倒装 Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed. 6 as, though 引导的倒装句 as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 (形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前)。 注意: 1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。 2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。 Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 注意: 让步状语从句中,有though,although时,后面的主句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可连用。 .7 其他部分倒装 1) so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时,需倒装。 So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中: May you all be happy. 3) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词,可将if 省略,把 were, had, should 移到主语之前,采取部分倒装。 Were I you, I would try it again. 典型例题: 1) Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is A. man did know B. man knew C. didn"t man know D. did man know 答案为D. 否定词Not在句首,要求用部分倒装的句子结构。 2) Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted. A. didn"t I realize B. did I realize C. I didn"t realize D. I realize 答案为B。 3) Do you know Tom bought a new car? I don"t know, ___. A. nor don"t I care B. nor do I care C. I don"t care neither D. I don"t care also 解析:答案为B. 句中的nor引出部分倒装结构,表示"也不"。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句,表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。 |
|
|
|