大全401 - 关于同位语结构的题

寂寞的自由

10楼的MM，谢谢你的建议，自由眯不会生气的，因为你的题外话对于我而言，并不是题外话，自由是个菜菜的鸟，呵呵~，所以特喜欢听听大家的不同意见，即使不是针对这个问题的，我也很喜欢哦，还有谢谢楼上的各位朋友，大家的想法给自由很大的帮助，启发。

寂寞的自由

以下是引用rabbitbug在2003-12-25 14:55:00的发言：
觉得有几个原则试用这道题: 过去分词修饰的时候直接放与被修饰词后面,不加being; 用主谓结构表达比介词短语through.../by...做状语或者同位语都要清楚; as表一段持续过程, 对应文中意思; 主动比被动好!

请问，我黑体字部分不是很明白，因为GMAT的原则有一个就是简洁原则，句子比较罗嗦哦~  谢谢

rabbitbug

呵呵,还有个ETS的原则叫做: 表达清楚,没有歧义. 来看下面这两个例子
179. During the early years of European settlement on a continent that was viewed as "wilderness" by the newcomers. Native Americans, intimately knowing the ecology of the land. were a help in the rescuing of many Pilgrims and pioneers from hardship, or even death.
(A)Native Americans, intimately knowing the ecology of the land, were a help in the rescuing of
(B)Native Americans knew the ecology and the land intimately and this enabled them to help in the rescue of
(C)Native Americans, with their intimate knowledge of the ecology of the land, helped to rescue
(D)having intimate knowledge of the ecology of the land. Native Americans helped the rescue of
(E)knowing intimately the ecology of the land, Native Americans helped to rescue
OG179, 答案C, 我想你对这道题肯定没有问题, 那这道题来,我是想说: 主谓结构sb do sth要比 help in ...这样的介词短语表达的有力,且更清楚. 也许这个例子与楼主的问题不是很象, 那就看一下下面的885的一道题.

9. Many psychologists and sociologists now contend that the deliberate and even brutal aggression integral to some forms of competitive athletics increase the likelihood of imitative violence that erupts among crowds of spectators dominated by young adult males.
(A) increase the likelihood of imitative violence that erupts
(B) increase the likelihood that there will be an eruption of imitative violence
(C) increase the likelihood of imitative violence erupting
(D) increases the likelihood for imitative violence to erupt
(E) increases the likelihood that imitative violence will erupt
答案E, 为什么不选D呢? 可以把for...看成是likelihood的对象, to ...又是表目的性动词短语, 可以表述出原文的意思啊. 可是,比较一下, for... to...,在这里确实不如that后面的主谓结构表达的清楚啊. 这样的介词短语总是给人这样的印象: 一定要仔细琢磨其逻辑主语, to erupt的逻辑主语究竟是谁? 很有可能是increase的主语呢! 用D这样表达没有E中的主谓来得清晰.

rabbitbug

再返回到楼主的问题:
4 in terms of physics, the characteristic feature of the roller coaster is that the cars' potential energy, gained through their being lifted by a chain drive through the earth's gravity to the top of the first drop, has been converted to kinetic energy by the time the ride ends.  b--àd
(a) cars' potential energy, gained through their being lifted by a chain drive
(b) cars' potential energy, a gain achieved as they are lifted by a chain drive
(c) potential energy from the cars' being lifted by a chain drive
(d) potential energy of the cars, gained as a chain drive lifts them
(e) potential energy gained by the cars, being achieved while a chain drive lifts them
明白了文中意思,我们都知道是a chain drive lifts cars这样的一个动宾关系, 其次再说明是through earth's gravity. 可是A选项中的介词短语by a chain drive夹在gained through...lifted by... through...中间,要很辛苦才能判断出第一个through...短语是跟gain 对应的, by... 短语是对应lifted, 后面的through...短语又是跟drive对应, 这样的表达不是不行,只是太容易造成混乱,不如直接阐述drive lift cars这样的动宾关系好, 表达清楚?

寂寞的自由

Thanks rabbitbug!!! Your explanation are quite clear!!! Thanks for a thousand!!! You are a nice girl!!! ^_^

JerryGuan

In terms of physics, the characteristic feature of the roller coaster is that the potential energy of the cars, gained as a chain drive lifts them through the Earth’s gravity to the top of the first drop, has been converted to kinetic energy by the time the ride ends.


这句话是什么意思啊？不太明白。。。


“物理学上，过山车的显著特点是汽车的势能……通过地球的吸引力，将其推举到……又在……转化动能”


化线部分到底什么意思？55555555555555，急啊。

snow_mountain

以下是引用JerryGuan在2004-2-23 22:23:00的发言：
In terms of physics, the characteristic feature of the roller coaster is that the potential energy of the cars, gained as a chain drive lifts them through the Earth’s gravity to the top of the first drop, has been converted to kinetic energy by the time the ride ends.



这句话是什么意思啊？不太明白。。。


“物理学上，过山车的显著特点是汽车的势能……通过地球的吸引力，将其推举到……又在……转化动能”


化线部分到底什么意思？55555555555555，急啊。

楼上的朋友不是自己已经翻译得挺明白了吗？就是在过山车在被举起来时获得的势能呀。

jnlvo

还有一题好像是of being dwellings。

JerryGuan

以下是引用pumpkin在2004-3-26 15:13:00的发言：

第三部分：原格式成套题（原885）

SECTION A

30 Minutes 25 Questions

1.    Revered by an ill-informed citizenry, the Duke of York was feted opulently for several months before there was denunciation and exile.

(A) there was denunciation and exile

(B) he was to be denounced with exile

(C) being denounced and exiled

(D) denunciation and his exile

(E) being exiled, having been denounced

  

??? 答案是c
being done

这是条件状语；你所引用的楼层说的是定语。

JerryGuan

以下是引用寂寞的自由在2003-12-25 5:53:00的发言：
4 In terms of physics, the characteristic feature of the roller coaster is that the cars' potential energy, gained through their being lifted by a chain drive through the Earth's gravity to the top of the first drop, has been converted to kinetic energy by the time the ride ends.  
(A) cars' potential energy, gained through their being lifted by a chain drive
(B) cars' potential energy, a gain achieved as they are lifted by a chain drive
(C) potential energy from the cars' being lifted by a chain drive
(D) potential energy of the cars, gained as a chain drive lifts them
(E) potential energy gained by the cars, being achieved while a chain drive lifts them

正确答案是D，请问大家各个选项如何找出错误进行判断呢？谢谢

补充一点：

本题中的gained乍看上去，好像有可能修饰cars，但语义上修energy，于是有人说这有歧义！我认为没有。原因如下：

them所指代的是cars，所以其前面的逻辑主语项应该不是其本身，而是另外的部分。记得以前我也留意这类问题。

所以定语从句/相当于定语成份的修饰部分的跳跃修饰，要结合前后的代词指代来进行判断。