[求助]请教大全31

vivian_huang

以下是引用LES在2004-12-6 22:51:00的发言：

B) After passing through a red giant stage, depending on its mass, a star will compress itself into a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black hole.

这个选项是典型的："squinting modifier"修饰，请参考OG245的解释：

245. Unlike Schoenberg’s twelve-tone system that dominated the music of the postwar period, Bartok founded no school and left behind only a handful of disciples.

(A) Schoenberg’s twelve-tone system that dominated
(B) Schoenberg and his twelve-tone system which dominated
(C) Schoenberg, whose twelve-tone system dominated
(D) the twelve-tone system of Schoenberg that has dominated（C）
(E) Schoenberg and the twelve-tone system, dominating

C, the best answer, is the only choice that makes a logical comparison: Unlike Schoenberg,... Bartok. In A, B, and D, Bartok, a person, is compared either to Schoenberg’s twelve-tone system or to Schoenberg and his twelve-tone system as a unit. Such comparisons are neither logically sound nor semantically parallel. Consequently, A and D illogically suggest that Schoenberg’s twelve-tone system founded a school and left behind many disciples. Choice B suggests that Schoenberg and his twelve-tone system together accomplished these feats. In E, the comparison is illogical and the modification is ambiguous. Schoenberg and his system, as a unit, are not only compared to Bartok, an individual, but also credited with having formed a school. The verb phrase dominating... is called a “squinting modifier (a modifier (as often in *getting dressed often is a nuisance*) so placed in a sentence that it can be interpreted as modifying either what precedes or what follows)” because it looks in both directions: given the structure of the sentence, it could be meant to modify either Schoenberg and the twelve-tone system or Bartok.
  

实在很棒，ding起来给后人再多读读

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-8-21 23:27:00编辑过]

vivian_huang

同问，A为什么错？

31    star will compress itself into a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black hole after it passes through a red giant stage, depending on mass.

(A) A star will compress itself into a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black hole after it passes through a red giant stage, depending on mass.[
            分词在句末，可以做伴随动作，逻辑主语=句子主语或做伴随结果，有因果关系，没有看出A为什么错。。]

(B) After passing through a red giant stage, depending on its mass, a star will compress itself into a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black hole. [参照OG 245的批判：黄色标出的部分is called a “squinting modifier”，引起修饰对象的歧义，既可修饰前面的stage，也可以修饰后面的a black hole]

(C) After passing through a red giant stage(错误修饰后面的中心词mass), a star’s mass will determine if it compresses itself into a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black hole.

(D) Mass determines whether a star, after passing through the red giant stage, will compress itself into a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black hole.（D）

(E) The mass of a star, after passing through the red giant stage（错误修饰mass）, will determine whether it compresses itself into a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black hole.

解题思路：B，C，E选项的分词部分或介词引导的成分，放在句子中间，产生修饰对象可前可后的歧义；A选项为何不选未解？？                                  考点：修辞，分词引导或介词引导成分位于句中的修饰歧义

margaret1970

 分词在句末，可以做伴随动作.表结果

vivian_huang

还是不明白，可以麻烦说的再详细一些吗？

ustchero

因为DE选项中“after passing through the red giant stage”所处的位置不同，D的“after passing through the red giant stage”是weather的一部分，然后才是主句，E的“after passing through the red giant stage”是主句的一部分，the mass是主语的中心词。

混乱思维

只能说D答案是语法错误最少的，符合OG原则没有最对，只有最好。但我记得OG和白勇里说尽量不改变句子结构，所以没敢选D。

iser

OG对此题的解释如下

黄色部分是关于"squinting modifier"修饰的说明，也就是我们常说的“夹心”，相关讨论和总结挺多的。

Choice A is ambiguous because the grammatical function of depending on mass is uncertain: the phrase could modify either the whole preceding statement or only the words after it passes through a red giant stage. In the latter case, choice A states in effect that a star depends on its mass as it passes through this phase, not the fate of the star depends on the star’s mass. Choice B suffers from the same ambiguity. Choices C and E illogically maintain that the star’s mass, not star itself, passes through the red giant stage to assume another form. Choice D is the correct answer for this difficult question.

不明白的是关于红色部分，被绕糊涂了，这两种说法有啥差别？？

lcy19812000

还有D选项wheater从句中的its，按语法优先指代主句主语，也就是mass。但是按逻辑理解是指代star。

这也是改变句子重心之后造成的不良后果。

lcy19812000

说说我对此题的总体理解：

A.“，depending on mass”作条件状语，表示一件事是在什么条件下完成的。但是问题是它从语法上有两件事可以修饰，就造成了歧异。1、整句：star compress；2、就近的条件状语从句：it（star） pass through a stage

B.“，depending on mass”同样是这个问题。可以理解为修饰前面所说的那件事，使第二个逗号前的内容组成一个完整的条件状语，也可以看作单独修饰后面那一件事，此时主句star compress前面有两个状语，第一个是时间状语：after pass through a stage之后，第二个状语是说：还要depending on mass；

C和E的主句主语是mass，并且从句没有单独定义新的主语，使从句中出现的代词it/itself只能指代mass，错。

D的主句主语是mass，从句主语是star，按语法优先指代主句主语，也就是mass。但是按逻辑理解是指代star。这也是改变句子重心之后造成的不良后果。

矮子当中拔高子，选D。

lcy19812000

以下是引用LES在2004-12-6 22:51:00的发言：

B) After passing through a red giant stage, depending on its mass, a star will compress itself into a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black hole.

这个选项是典型的："squinting modifier"修饰，请参考OG245的解释：

245. Unlike Schoenberg’s twelve-tone system that dominated the music of the postwar period, Bartok founded no school and left behind only a handful of disciples.

(A) Schoenberg’s twelve-tone system that dominated
(B) Schoenberg and his twelve-tone system which dominated
(C) Schoenberg, whose twelve-tone system dominated
(D) the twelve-tone system of Schoenberg that has dominated（C）
(E) Schoenberg and the twelve-tone system, dominating

C, the best answer, is the only choice that makes a logical comparison: Unlike Schoenberg,... Bartok. In A, B, and D, Bartok, a person, is compared either to Schoenberg’s twelve-tone system or to Schoenberg and his twelve-tone system as a unit. Such comparisons are neither logically sound nor semantically parallel. Consequently, A and D illogically suggest that Schoenberg’s twelve-tone system founded a school and left behind many disciples. Choice B suggests that Schoenberg and his twelve-tone system together accomplished these feats. In E, the comparison is illogical and the modification is ambiguous. Schoenberg and his system, as a unit, are not only compared to Bartok, an individual, but also credited with having formed a school. The verb phrase dominating... is called a “squinting modifier (a modifier (as often in *getting dressed often is a nuisance*) so placed in a sentence that it can be interpreted as modifying either what precedes or what follows)” because it looks in both directions: given the structure of the sentence, it could be meant to modify either Schoenberg and the twelve-tone system or Bartok.

本题E中"dominating..."向前是作定语，没问题。

但是向后我觉得从语义和语法上都既可以作状语，又可以做定语：

作状语是讲在dominating...的条件/情况/背景下，brotok做了什么事。这样的解释是肯定符合分词在句首作状语的规则的。

作定语是说bartok这个人是一个领导者（dominating），这样是讲得通的。虽然分词放在句首作定语的例子我不多见，但本题OG的解释还是认可的，并且前面的一部分NN们也倾向于这种理解。

所以，从技术上讲，本题看到了分词作定语和状语的模糊地带，要想清楚，还是从句好啊。

还要罗唆最后一句：感谢LES NN！！！真的很棒很棒很棒！！！

[此贴子已经被作者于2009-1-1 16:51:41编辑过]