OG11 Verbal 86

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og90

90. Since 1986, when the Department of Labor began to allow investment officers’ fees to be based on how the funds they manage perform, several corporations began paying their investment advisers a small basic fee, with a contract promising higher fees if the managers perform well.

(A) investment officers’ fees to be based on how the funds they manage perform, several corporations began

(B) investment officers’ fees to be based on the performance of the funds they manage, several corporations began

(C) that fees of investment officers be based on how the funds they manage perform, several corporations have begun

(D) fees of investment officers to be based on the performance of the funds they manage, several corporations have begun

(E) that investment officers’ fees be based on the performance of the funds they manage, several corporations began

The clause beginning Since 1986... indicates that the practice described in the second clause continued for some period of time after it began. Choice D, the best answer, supplies the present perfect have begun, which conveys this continuity; D also uses a construction that is appropriate when “allow” means “permit”: allow... to be based on. Choices A, B, and E incorrectly use the past tense began rather than the present perfect; furthermore, in each of these options, they has no referent, since officers is a possessive modifier of fees.
                        Choices A and C include the awkward phrase based on how the funds they manage perform. Choices C and E incorrectly use allow that...fees be based.

正确答案D的指代为什么没有歧义？

songyeonpp

我的总结：

1. 在since后面, 第一个began用了past tense,描述法规的开始，第二个用了present perfect，描述事件的开始和持续。

2. alow that ...fees be based.是错的。---好像在什么地方看过有些法规必须用be，找不到例子了。

3. possessive modifier不能单独拿出来指代

songyeonpp

以下是引用songyeonpp在2007-8-29 2:38:00的发言：

我的总结：

1. 在since后面, 第一个began用了past tense,描述法规的开始，第二个用了present perfect，描述事件的开始和持续。

2. alow that ...fees be based.是错的。---好像在什么地方看过有些法规必须用be，找不到例子了。

3. possessive modifier不能单独拿出来指代

找到了必须用be的例子,不过不是法规,而是虚拟

og11-83

most state constitutions now mandate that the state budget be balanced each year.

a)      mandate that the state budget be balanced

b)      mandate the state budget to be balanced

c)      mandate that the state budget will be balanced

d)     have a mandate for a balanced state budget

e)      have a mandate to balance the state budget

that跟在request, require, ask, or mandate 后面,引导从句时, 从句需要虚拟语气

og上说虚拟语气使用the base form of the verb(be); this form doesn’t change.

B选项里的to be balanced是infinitive,不是subjunctive

看不出来,这句子怎么会是虚拟.