OG 141 题目有误，限定从句

joywzy

141. Unlike transplants between identical twins, whose genetic endowment is the same, all patients receiving hearts or other organs must take antirejection drugs for the rest of their lives.
Unlike transplants between identical twins, whose genetic endowment is the same
Besides transplants involving identical twins with the same genetic endowment
Unless the transplant involves identical twins who have the same genetic endowment
Aside from a transplant between identical twins with the same genetic endowment
Other than transplants between identical twins, whose genetic endowment is the same
In A and B, the phrases beginning Unlike... and Besides... modify patients, the subject of the main clause; thus A absurdly states that Unlike transplants ..., patients... must take ... drugs, and B that all patients except for transplants... must take ... drugs. In B and D the expression identical twins with the same genetic endowment wrongly suggests that only some identical twin pairs are genetically identical. In E, the construction Other than transplants..., all patients ... must take... drugs illogically suggests, as in B, that some patients are transplants. Choice C, the best answer, solves these problems by using a clause introduced by Unless to describe the exception to the rule and a nonrestrictive clause beginning with who to describe the characteristic attributed to all identical twins.

ＯＧ的解释：In B and D the expression identical twins with the same genetic endowment wrongly suggests that only some identical twin pairs are genetically identical. 是说ＷＩＴＨ是特指，可用ＷＨＯＳＥ从句，是用泛指，是吗？

谢谢。

bigcamel

有点这个意思，但不准确。用whose从句表达了identical twins所共有的特征。而用with表达的意思是有此 特征的identical twins。两者意思完全不同

gemj

好象不是特指与泛指的区别吧？
我的理解是，介词短语与从句修饰的意思不一样：
twins with the same genetic endowment
翻成汉语的意思是：具有相同基因构成的同卵双胞胎。
言外之意是还有“不具有相同基因构成的同卵双胞胎。”

而
involves identical twins who have the same genetic endowment
的意思是：涉及同卵双胞胎，而（同卵双胞胎）具有相同基因构成。
也就是定语从句是对其修饰对象的解释，而非限定。
或者说定语从句是与其修饰对象可以划等号，而介词短语却不可以。

joywzy

以下是引用gemj在2003-11-24 0:31:00的发言：

或者说定语从句是与其修饰对象可以划等号，而介词短语却不可以。

gemj,这个能讲讲吗？我一直不明白定语从句与介词短语在修饰上有什么区别啊？谢谢。

gemj

这是我上面说的区别啊。

joywzy

是这样啊，我明白了。谢谢GEMJ。

christinahong

D.Aside from 引导的短语与所修饰对象是否必须要比较对等，它的中文意思是什么？
请教牛牛！

gemj

在这里的中文意思是“除了”的意思，
似乎不需要与所修饰对象必须要比较对等：
Apart from
also aside from American English
1
except for
We didn't see anyone all day, apart from a couple of kids on the beach.
Apart from the ending, it's a really good film.
see usage note except 1
2
as well as
Apart from his earnings as a football coach, he also owns and runs a chain of sports shops.
Quite apart from the cost, we need to think about how much time the job will take.

Snazzy

i think choice C is right simply becasue there r 2 different subjects in this sentence: transplants and all patients

gmatchenaimin

其实是限定性修饰 和 非限定性修饰的区别
所谓限定性修饰, 有定语从句, 分词短语, 介词短语等, 特证是和被修饰的对象紧连没有逗号隔开. 功能是限定被修饰对象
如: identical twins with the same genetic endowment: 具有相同基因特性的双胞胎

非限定性修饰, 有同位语从句, 非限定性定语从句, 名词短语等, 特佂是一定有逗号隔开, 功能是对被修饰对象起说明解释作用, 可以去掉非限定性修饰而不影响要表达的主要意思.
如上面的例子:Unlike transplants between identical twins, whose genetic endowment is the same: 与双胞胎之间的器官移植不同, (他们具有相同的基因特征), ......

所以有泛指和特指之说