请教大全703题

gemj

702. The British sociologist and activist Barbara Wootton once noted as a humorous example of income maldistribution that the elephant that gave rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo was earning annually exactly what she then earned as director of adult education for London.
(A) that the elephant that gave rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo was earning
(B) that the elephant, giving rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo, had been earning
(C) that there was an elephant giving rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo, and it earned
(D) the elephant that gave rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo and was earning（A）
(E) the elephant giving rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo and that it earned
ETS在解释B不对时说：
In B, the structure of noted... that the elephant, giving rides..., had been earning falsely implies that the reader already knows about the elephant—that is, that the existence of this particular elephant is not new information.
Also, the past perfect had been improperly places the elephant’s earning in the past, prior to Wootton’s; consistent verb tense is needed to show that the actions are simultaneous.
关于时态的解释容易理解，但前面的解释让人很费解呀。
B与A比起来有两点差别：一是用分词而不是用从句修饰；二是时态不同。
那么，什么原因导致B产生了这样的歧义呢（falsely implies that the reader already knows about the elephant）？是分词吗？还是别的？是如何导致这样的歧义的？

znprc

有两种情况可在名词前使用定冠词ＴＨＥ：1) 前面提到过这个名词; 2) 名词后使用限定性定语言从句-如本题

gemj

以下是引用znprc在2003-11-16 17:40:00的发言：
有两种情况可在名词前使用定冠词ＴＨＥ：1) 前面提到过这个名词; 2) 名词后使用限定性定语言从句-如本题

高手！
万分感谢！
这题结案了。

gemj

再问高人znprc：如果把B改为：
(B) that the elephant giving rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo was  earning
是不是也对呢？

znprc

不敢当不敢当, 一起切磋:
限定性定语从句中的THAT要做从句的形式主语,所以要使用这样的结构:
名词 + THAT + 谓语动词

hedgeforfun

我想這題的主要考點還是在時態,我自己覺得要慎用過去完成時,因為過去的過去太明顯啦.
好像那個人先知道大笨象賺多少,再去打工的.
還有,大家有沒有注意到"annually"這個詞呢?

cocoabean

Many thanks for the discussion of  NNs, thanks Gemj GG

but the Q702 should be Q703 ( OG258 ).

hope it can be corrected in order to more XDJM can see it.

我爱欧洲

以下是引用znprc在2003-11-16 17:40:00的发言：
有两种情况可在名词前使用定冠词ＴＨＥ：1) 前面提到过这个名词; 2) 名词后使用限定性定语言从句-如本题

是否B错在the表示前面提到大象才用the的？逗号后的giving是插入语并非限定性定语从句所以the的使用不当？

joshcn2006

885sec 02-19

 Federal legislation establishing a fund for the cleanup of sites damaged by toxic chemicals permits compensating state governments for damage to their natural resources but does not allow claims for injury to people.

(A) compensating state governments for damage to

(B) compensating state governments for the damaging of

(C) giving state governments compensation for damaging

(D) giving compensation to state governments for the damage of（A）

(E) the giving of compensation to state governments for damaging

885sec 02-19

正确答案是A。想问一下为什么A中的damage前没有the呢？

LOUI1121

THE 加在现代分词前,表示这个分词做抽象名词.

E.G THE COMPENSATING.

DAMAGE 本来就是个名词,不用加THE