觉得楼上的解释有问题,如果for表原因的话后面应该加完整的句子,但这里明显缺宾语。 我的理解是: for the farmer是指生产给farmer,只不过这里为了强调farmer把它们照顾得好这一点而把它提前到句首了。其实正常的语序可以看是如下: Provided with high-energy feed, and milked regularly, Holstein cows will produce an average of 2,275 gallons of mild each per year for the farmer who takes care to keep them cool. 也就是把provided and milked当成过去分词结构修饰cows.