[讨论]OG11-105 OG11-24 现在分词做修饰-OG的不同说法

easy4meeeeee

一般来说

有逗号，是状语

没逗号，应该是定语

读不懂意思的时候，就暂且这么肤浅的做，基本没错

dan2007

phyroc

【一般来说

有逗号，是状语

没逗号，应该是定语

读不懂意思的时候，就暂且这么肤浅的做，基本没错】

一般来说如没逗号，分词直接跟在前面一个名词的后面，分词做定语比较常见。

如有逗号隔开，有两种情况，一种是做状语，修饰前面整个的句子，或者做定语，修饰前面句子的主语，或者修饰逗号前的那个名词，具体修饰哪个要看情况。

过去分词的用法差不多。

比如main clause（Subject Verb Object），although V-ed，这时要注意这个V-ed可能修饰subject，也可能修饰object，所以可能是错误的，例子可参见OG11-9

9.     Sunspots, vortices of gas associated with strong electromagnetic activity, are visible as dark spots on the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on the Sun’s poles or equator.

(A) are visible as dark spots on the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on

(B) are visible as dark spots that never have been sighted on the surface of the Sun

(C) appear on the surface of the Sun as dark spots although never sighted at

(D) appear as dark spots on the surface of the Sun, although never having been sighted at

(E) appear as dark spots on the Sun’s surface, which have never been sighted on

Logical predication + Parallelism

The correct parallel structure in the original sentence emphasizes the contrast between where sunspots are found (are visible... Sun) and where they are not (have never been sighted ... equator). Sunspots is the subject of the sentence, are is the verb of the first part of the contrast and have been sighted is the verb of the second. (The adjective visible is a complement and is parallel to the past participle sighted.) Both parts of the sentence conclude with phrases indicating location. The contrast itself is indicated by the conjunction but.

A     Correct. This sentence clearly and correctly draws a contrast between where sunspots are found and where they are not.

B      Changing the modifying clause so that that never ... Sun distorts the meaning of the sentence; the contrast is lost

C     Although typically introduces a subordinate clause, which has a subject and a verb, but here there is no subject and sighted is not a complete verb

D     Although usually introduces a subordinate clause, but there is no subject of the clause and having been sighted is not a complete verb phrase

E      The relative pronoun which should immediately follow its referent; here which illogically follows surface, and its intended referent, either sunspots or dark spots, becomes unclear

winbie

but sometimes even with the comma, it can still be 定语. For example,  in the
G11-24 (C)

For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti
nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential
items of military equipment, a method to protect warriors against enemy
arrows and spears.

(A) a method to protect

(B) as a method protecting

(C) protecting

(D) as a protection of

(E) to protect

here, the protecting modify the animal shield, which is a noun, to explain the purpose. This is a 定语. Isn't it ?

jean1280

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