来问问including分词在句尾的用法

ggaday

 两道题：

    

（1）    
GWD-8-Q32:

    

At the annual stockholders meeting, investors heard a
presentation on the numerous challenges facing the company, including among
them the threat from a rival’s multibillion-dollar patent-infringement suit and
the declining sales for the company’s powerful microprocessor chip.

    

 

    

A.      including among them the threat from a rival’s
multibillion-dollar patentinfringement suit and the declining sales for

    

B.      which includes the threat of a rival’s
multibillion-dollar patent-infringement suit and declining sales of

    

C.     included among these the threat from a rival’s
multibillion-dollar patentinfringement suit as well as a decline in sales for

    

D.     among them the threat of a rival’s multibillion-dollar
patent-infringement suit and the decline in sales of

    

E.      among these the threat from a rival’s multibillion-dollar
patent-infringement suit as well as the decline in sales for

答案是D没问题，但解释里说A中including修饰主句主语或就近都不对,也说是说including作为分词必须是就近修饰，或是修主句主语？


    

    
GWD-9-Q1:

    

    

A mixture of poems and short fiction, Jean Toomer’s Cane
has been called one of the three best novels ever written by Black
Americans—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and
Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man.

    

 

    

A.       
Black Americans—the
others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison,
author of Invisible Man

    

B.       
Black Americans—including Native
Son by Richard Wright and Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison

    

C.       a Black American—including Richard Wright, author of Native
Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man

    

D.       a Black American—the others being Richard Wright, author
of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man

    

E.       
a
Black American—the others being Richard Wright’s Native Son and Ralph
Ellison’s Invisible Man

答案是b, 这里的including引导的Native Son 既不修饰black American 也不修Jean Toomer’s Cane，应该指novels 吧，为啥是正确的呢？

        

思故

including 就近修饰，或修饰主句主语。所以按此分析原句不难发现就近修饰company不对，修饰主语investors也不对，根据句意显然应该修饰the numerous challenges。

第二题，我不是100%能说服自己,我先稀里糊涂选了E。但首先读过N遍后认为选择the others首先会产生歧义，罪过之一“指代不清”。罪过二：the others being的使用我认为在这里有疑问。破折号可以引出作为补充说明的句子或短语，同位语，插入语，列举的事物。那the others being是什么结构呢？解释为同位语的话，being在这里有点“不知所措”吧排除ADE, BC比较马上得出正确答案。

正确答案破折号后显然是列举的事物,而且与对照物 novels ever written by Black Americans有表达上的一致，including Native Son
            by Richard Wright and Invisible Man
            by Ralph Ellison。

但这里的including之所以这么“自由”不知是不是应为这个破折号。查查回来再讨论