语法4

寂寞的自由

22．Wind resistance created by opening windows while driving results in a fuel penalty as great or greater than is incurred by using air conditioning.
(A) as great or greater than is incurred by using air conditioning
(B) that is as great or greater than is incurred using air conditioning
(C) as great as or greater than that of using air conditioning
(D) at least as great as air conditioning’s
(E) at least as great as that incurred by using air conditioning

这道题，我完全同意答案E的完美，可是我想问一下关于C，C中的THAT是指代什么呢？是就近指代FUEL PENALTY，还是指代WIND RESISTANCE？谢谢朋友的帮助！另外关于代词指代问题，我觉得是GMAT考试的一个重心，那么哪里可以找到这方面比较全的总结和评论呢？谢谢哦

braveMBA

THAT指代fuel penalty ，还原原句：
wind resistance created by opening windows while driving results in a fuel penalty at least as great as fuel penalty incurred by using air conditioning
比较对象是“fuel penalty ”在 两种不同的方式下（一种是开窗风的阻力，一种是用空调），主要通过句子意思判断。

代词指代我认为重点是OG的解释，里面暗藏了很多ETS代词指代的PREFER，都在解释的话里（当然，它也不完美，经常有自圆其说之嫌，不过总的原则还是在解释里）。另外，你可以利用搜索功能查以前的帖子，关键字就是“指代”，应该有很多很好的帖子。

寂寞的自由

可是新东方的老师讲课时候，说THAT指代WIND RESISTANCE，我刚开始也和你想法一样，感觉应该就近指代，这个题，C错在哪里呢？C也没错啊。谢谢楼上的斑竹

dandan74

这道题和我以前问题一题很像，就是比较对象问题，我也有些糊涂。也就是说those是指代light还是source的问题，大家好像观点不是很统一
551.    Once positioned in space, the Hubble Space Telescope will capture light from sources twenty times fainter compared to those that can be detected by ground-based instruments.
(A) compared to those that can b detected
(B) compared to those they can detect
(C) than that can be detected
(D) than those that can be detected
(E) than those detecting


以前的讨论：
http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=23&replyID=155496&ID=21817&skin=1

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-11-2 3:44:22编辑过]

dandan74

不过这道题还是觉得指代fuel economy更make sense

braveMBA

我觉得核心是句子意思，在GMAT里没有就近指代的绝对原则，我再强调一下我理解的这句话的意思：
比较对象是“fuel penalty ”在 两种不同的方式下（一种是开窗风的阻力，一种是用空调），主要通过句子意思判断。
如果THAT指代wind resistance ，根本讲不通。
C错在2个地方：
1、典型的意思改变错误，原句的意思是说由于using air conditioning 而“产生”的fuel penalty ，而C的THAT OF using air conditioning 使用介词短语变成了using air conditioning 的一种属性。
2、as great as or greater than 不如at least as great as 表达简洁，用中文翻译体会意思很明显。

dandan74

同意，air conditioning根本不能导致wind resistance， 说不通。关于light还是sources你的理解呢？

braveMBA

以下是引用dandan74在2003-11-2 3:25:00的发言：
这道题和我以前问题一题很像，就是比较对象问题，我也有些糊涂。也就是说those是指代light还是source的问题，大家好像观点不是很统一
551. Once positioned in space, the Hubble Space Telescope will capture light from sources twenty times fainter compared to those that can be detected by ground-based instruments.
(A) compared to those that can b detected
(B) compared to those they can detect
(C) than that can be detected
(D) than those that can be detected
(E) than those detecting


以前的讨论：
http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=23&replyID=155496&ID=21817&skin=1

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-11-2 3:44:22编辑过]

THOSE一定指代SOURCES，从单复数就能判断出来。C的错误很隐蔽，THAT的指代有混淆，是指代前面的内容？还是做从句的主语？如果是指代前面的内容，假设就是LIGHT，那么应该是这样的than that THAT can be detected，因为定语从句中的关系代词如果做在从句中做主语是不能省略的，做宾语可以。

dandan74

我觉得比较中，是比较主语还是比较其他成分有的时候很灵活，OG的一题：
19. In addition to having more protein than wheat does, the protein in rice is higher quality than that in wheat, with more of the amino acids essential to the human diet.
(A)    the protein in rice is higher quality than that in
(B)    rice has protein of higher quality than that in
(C)    the protein in rice is higher in quality than it is in
(D)    rice protein is higher in quality than it is in
(E)    rice has a protein higher in quality than
OG在解释E的时候说：
Choice E needs either “that in" or "does" after "wheat" to make a complete and logical comparison.
我的理解是that如果在后面，就进修饰比较好，修饰主语则离的太远，如你所说，由歧义，不如直接补出主语,这个例子中补出了wheat,也就是wheat does. 对于本题，觉得ETS如果想比较主语，一定会补出wind resistance，而不会用that.个人理解。

braveMBA

同意DANDAN，另外，请看8楼，你觉得对吗？