代词的指代

cz

#1) The rules that govern political contributions are less stringent in local elections than they are in national elections because they typically involve smaller amounts of money and present less opportunity for abuse.

上面一题存在着代词指代错误. 本人认为第一个 they 指的是 rules, 但是 第二个 they 有错误!.
有人告诉我看代词的指代, 要看它的在逻辑上和语法上是否一致! 如果不, 那就是错的. 这是对的吗?
但是就比如说 上句话的第二个 they 在逻辑上是 local elections,
                                                在语法上呢? 在句子里应该怎么找? 追寻什么原则?


#2) Japan used the huge sums of capital it received from the United States after the Second War to help it in building a modern industrial system.

我把句子的 SVO 都画上了横线. 我想问的是 ( it received from the United States after the Second War ) 是定语从句吗? 从句的关系代词 怎么没有? it 是指 the huge sums of capital 还是 Japan ?

谢谢!

chenmoon

在定语从句中，如果先行词（比如that）所指代的部分在从句中充当宾语，先行词就可以省略。所以我觉得第2题之所以可以省略it前面的that，是因为that指代的capital在后面的从句中充当宾语（it received capital from the US）。

cz

[face=Verdana]chenmoon 谢谢你。 我想起你所说得了， 在定语从句中 关系代词作宾语， 从句必无关系词。 呵呵！

有关第一题：
The rules that govern political contributions are less stringent in local elections than they are in national elections because they typically involve smaller amounts of money and present less opportunity for abuse.

第二个 they 在逻辑上是 local elections, 在语法上是 rules. [/face]