急急急!..N, which不是只能修飾前面的名詞嗎？TTGWD-16-31

Winbolin

TTGWD-16-31

Emily Dickinson’s letters to Susan Huntington Dickinson were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumbering her letters to anyone else.

1. Dickinson were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumbering
2. Dickinson were written over a period that begins a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ended shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumber
3. Dickinson, written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and that ends shortly before Emily’s death in 1886and outnumbering
4. Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother, ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, and outnumbering
5. Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumber   (Ans:E)

OG說which 不是只能修飾鄰近前面的名詞嗎？D, E應該都不能選, 為何答案是 E？

A雖然沒有這個問題, 但outnumbering的確也不好, 應用outnumber 修飾letters

TTGWD-16-34

In an attempt to guarantee the security of its innovative water purification method, the company required each employee to sign a confidentiality agreement prohibiting that its water purification methods be disclosed to companies using an analogous purification process.

 

• prohibiting that its water purification methods be disclosed to companies
• prohibiting them from the disclosing of its water purification methods to any company
• prohibiting disclosure of its water purification methods to any company
• that would prohibit them from disclosure of its water purification methods to companies
• that would prohibit its water purification methods to be disclosed to a company
                                  

  Ans: E

1. 答案C 為何不行？直接用分詞表達不是比較簡潔嗎？(prohibiting>that would prohibits...)

2.  以句意上來說, (C)禁止純水方法的"開放"  不是比  (E)禁止"純水方法"去被開放給其他公司,  還順暢嗎？

mbz

16-31

E is clear and correct. which 不只是能修飾鄰近前面的名詞, it can refer something way before it.

16-34

C is correct.

Winbolin

Thanks for mbz's precious advice!! Do you have any other examples of remote modifier of "which"?

.... I still concern about the definition of usage of "which", which ETS care bout...

(I feel there is less NNs' discussion in CD this year than last year...cry!)

mbz

以下是引用Winbolin在2006-8-26 12:22:00的发言：

Thanks for mbz's precious advice!! Do you have any other examples of remote modifier of "which"?

.... I still concern about the definition of usage of "which", which ETS care bout...

You can find a lot of those examples in og. Please keep in mind that, in those examples, the logical meaning is highly important when you decide which one the "which" refers to.

gonghao

which作为引导此，和that的区别在于，that紧跟先行词，

而which在做非限制性定语从句的时候，与that相比没有如此的紧密性

其和其需要修饰的东西成松散的逻辑关系，即文章主要在将什么，which就是在修饰什么。

Winbolin

我還是覺得對which的修飾作用感到很困惑, 尤其在relative clause 時, 到底什麼樣的情況可以跳躍修飾遠端的名詞? 或句子？或同位語？ for example, 以下引用11thOG-105目前仍在爭議的討論: http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=23&replyid=1696936&id=152596&page=1&skin=0&Star=1

105. Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, a technique called proton-induced x-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it, is finding uses in medicine, archaeology, and criminology.

(A) Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, a technique called proton-induced x-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it,

(C) A technique originally developed for detecting air pollutants, called proton-induced x-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it,

(D) A technique originally developed for detecting air pollutants, called proton-induced x-ray emission, which has the ability to analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance quickly and without destroying it,

          11th OG's explaination---Rhetorical construction

The original sentence successfully avoids the problems that may occur in a long sentence with multiple modifiers. The sentence opens with the modifier originally developed for detecting air pollutants. This participial phrase is immediately followed by the word technique that it modifies; technique is in turn followed by the phrase called proton-induced X-ray emission. Finally, the non-restrictive clause which ... destroying it is correctly placed next to emission
                    and set off from the rest of the sentence by a pair of commas.

　　A    Correct. The modifiers are all correctly placed

B        Placement of two long modifiers at the beginning of the sentence is awkward and makes it difficult to locate the subject, second modifier (having...) actually modifies the first modifier

C        Called proton-induced X-ray emission should be placed next to a technique and should not be set off by commas; relative clause introduced by which incorrectly and illogically modifies emission

D      Called proton-induced X-ray emission should be placed next to a technique and should not be set off by commas; relative clause introduced by which incorrectly and illogically modifies emission; has the ability to is wordy

E       Called proton-induced X-ray emission should be placed next to a technique and should not be set off by commas; has the ability to is wordy

The correct answer is A.

    以上是OG的解答，我想问的是C&D都说which不指代 emission，那推测应   该是指代technique，可是他们都跟A一样接在emission，怎么办别他是在修饰techniuqe而不是emission？