OG 语法一题与指代

freegirl

234. The physical structure of the human eye enables it to sense light of wavelengths up to 0.0005 millimeters; infrared radiation, however, is invisible because its wavelength--0.1 millimeters--is too long to be registered by the eye.

A. infrared radiation, however, is invisible because its wavelength--0.1 millimeters--is too long to be registered by the eye
B. however, the wavelength of infrared radiation--0.1 millimeters--is top long to be registered by the eye making it invisible
C. infrared radiation, however, is invisible because its wavelength--0.1 millimeters--is too long for the eye to register it
D. however, because the wavelength of infrared radiation is 0.1 millimeters, it is too long for the eye to register and thus invisible
E. however, infrared radiation has a wavelength of 0.1 millimeters that is too long for the eye to register, thus making it invisible

Answer is A.
我的问题是：答案A中的 it 指代的是 infrared radiation， 而未划线部分的 it 指代的是 human eye, 在这里会不会有歧义？如果没有，是不是因为　分号　的缘故，如果两句子间是　逗号，　那么　ｉｔ　能不能指代不同的东东？　
又如果通过逻辑关系能判断出在　逗号　连接的一个句子里，虽然　ｉｔ　指代的是不同西西，但还是能从意思上推出其指代的不同西西，是不是也算没有造成歧义，而是对的呢？

谢谢啦!!!

gemj

答案a中的两个it指代对象在这里会我认为不会有歧义，就是因为分号的缘故，在由分号分隔的前后句子中，同一代词可以指代不同的对象，因为前后是两个独立的句子。再见下例：
In this atmosphere, it is not fair to condemn as failures all attempted experiments; it may be more accurate to say many never had a fair trial.
第一个IT指代to condemn as failures all attempted experiments；
第二个IT指代to say many never had a fair trial。
当然，这个例子与上题有些差距，但我想能够说明问题。

如果两句子间是逗号，那么，我认为IT不可以指代不同的西西；否则会引起混乱，严重的混乱。但如果一个是物主代词，一个是人称代词，则是可以的。请看下面的三个例子（当然，就本题来说，它也可以从下面的三个例子的角度来解释）：

下例中，蓝色的IT (legislature)与ITS (majority)所指并非同一东东。
When an individual or a party is wronged in the United States, to whom can he apply for redress? If to the public opinion, public opinion constitutes the majority; if to the legislature, it represents the majority and implicitly obeys its injunctions; if to the executive power, it is appointed by the majority and remains a passive tool in its hands; the public troops consist of the majority under arms; the jury is the majority invested with the right of hearing judicial cases, and in certain states even the judges are elected by the majority.

230.    In an effort to reduce their inventories, Italian vintners have cut prices; their wines have been priced to sell, and they are.
(A) have been priced to sell, and they are
(B) are priced to sell, and they have
(C) are priced to sell, and they do
(D) are being priced to sell, and have
(E) had been priced to sell, and they have
ANSWER：C

“In general,” they reported, “the ability of the compounds to compete at the receptors correlates with their ability to stimulate locomotion in the mouse; i.e., the higher their capacity to bind at the receptors, the higher their ability to stimulate locomotion.”

上面二例中，their与they指代的也非同一西西。

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-9-28 10:12:14编辑过]

mzyzhu

同意GEMJ版主的意见。在99%的情况下这一点是可用的：“如果两句子间是逗号，那么，我认为IT不可以指代不同的西西；”

但是即便是ETS在处理这个问题上也不是没有疏忽之处。大家看OG60

60. According to a recent poll, owning and living in a freestanding house on its own land is still a goal of a majority of young adults, like that of earlier generations.
A.    like that of earlier generations
B.    as that for earlier generations
C.    just as earlier generations did
D.    as have earlier generations
E.    as it was of earlier generations

答案E.In E, the best choice, it refers unambiguously to the phrasal subject "owning ... land", the verb was corresponds to "is", and today's young adults are appropriately compared to earlier generations.

显然，E中的it和未划线部分的on its own land不是指同一栋栋。

还有一个例子，2个it, 逗号分开，后面的it指代后面的不定势，而前面的it指代具体的人或者物。2者也不是指代同一东东。我现在找不到了。等我找到了再来更新。

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-9-28 3:13:12编辑过]

gemj

就mzyzhu 举的这个例子来说，符合上面所说的“但如果一个是物主代词，一个是人称代词（主格形式），则是可以的。”
与上面三个例子的性质是相同的。

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-9-28 8:40:57编辑过]

gemj

期待着mzyzhu 所说的“2个it, 逗号分开，后面的it指代后面的不定势，而前面的it指代具体的人或者物。2者也不是指代同一东东。”
ETS总有奇招啊。

nettalker

其实个人认为代词指代一致（注意不是说代词）的优先级在sc中较弱，可作为一种备用手段，不能绝对化。印象中og和补充教材中就有4-5处不一致。但只有0g60在划线部分。英文语法本就无多少绝对化规则，只是相对有效和简洁。

amber0919

以下是引用gemj在2003-9-27 21:29:00的发言：
答案a中的两个it指代对象在这里会我认为不会有歧义，就是因为分号的缘故，在由分号分隔的前后句子中，同一代词可以指代不同的对象，因为前后是两个独立的句子。再见下例：
In this atmosphere, it is not fair to condemn as failures all attempted experiments; it may be more accurate to say many never had a fair trial.
第一个IT指代to condemn as failures all attempted experiments；
第二个IT指代to say many never had a fair trial。
当然，这个例子与上题有些差距，但我想能够说明问题。

如果两句子间是逗号，那么，我认为IT不可以指代不同的西西；否则会引起混乱，严重的混乱。但如果一个是物主代词，一个是人称代词，则是可以的。请看下面的三个例子（当然，就本题来说，它也可以从下面的三个例子的角度来解释）：

下例中，蓝色的IT (legislature)与ITS (majority)所指并非同一东东。
When an individual or a party is wronged in the United States, to whom can he apply for redress? If to the public opinion, public opinion constitutes the majority; if to the legislature, it represents the majority and implicitly obeys its injunctions; if to the executive power, it is appointed by the majority and remains a passive tool in its hands; the public troops consist of the majority under arms; the jury is the majority invested with the right of hearing judicial cases, and in certain states even the judges are elected by the majority.

230. In an effort to reduce their inventories, Italian vintners have cut prices; their wines have been priced to sell, and they are.
(A) have been priced to sell, and they are
(B) are priced to sell, and they have
(C) are priced to sell, and they do
(D) are being priced to sell, and have
(E) had been priced to sell, and they have
ANSWER：C

“In general,” they reported, “the ability of the compounds to compete at the receptors correlates with their ability to stimulate locomotion in the mouse; i.e., the higher their capacity to bind at the receptors, the higher their ability to stimulate locomotion.”

上面二例中，their与they指代的也非同一西西。

＂但如果一个是物主代词，一个是人称代词，则是可以的。＂　

如果是这样，那么如下题怎么解释？

159. While depressed property values can hurt some large investors, they are potentially devastating for home-owners, whose equity—in many cases representing a life’s savings—can plunge or even disappear.

(A) they are potentially devastating for homeowners, whose

(B) they can potentially devastate homeowners in that their

(C) for homeowners they are potentially devastating, because their

(D) for homeowners, it is potentially devastating in that their（A）

(E) it can potentially devastate homeowners, whose

如果they 和their可以指不同的事物．那么Ｂ就logical了．their指homeowners．

请ＮＮ解答！！～～～

numberunique

同问

香香茶

以下是引用amber0919在2006-3-5 22:47:00的发言：

＂但如果一个是物主代词，一个是人称代词，则是可以的。＂　

如果是这样，那么如下题怎么解释？

159. While depressed property values can hurt some large investors, they are potentially devastating for home-owners, whose equity—in many cases representing a life’s savings—can plunge or even disappear.

(A) they are potentially devastating for homeowners, whose

(B) they can potentially devastate homeowners in that their

(C) for homeowners they are potentially devastating, because their

(D) for homeowners, it is potentially devastating in that their（A）

(E) it can potentially devastate homeowners, whose

如果they 和their可以指不同的事物．那么Ｂ就logical了．their指homeowners．

请ＮＮ解答！！～～～

你这个例子正好是“一个物主限定词（代词），一个人称代词，可以指代不同的东东”的例子，因此是不矛盾的。其实gemj的意思就是他们两个可以指代不同的东东。

roric

以下是引用似水年华在2004-11-17 11:36:00的发言：

OG 90题

90.   Since 1986, when the Department of Labor began to allow investment officers’ fees to be based on how the funds they manage perform, several corporations began paying their investment advisers a small basic fee, with a contract promising higher fees if the managers perform well.

(A) investment officers’ fees to be based on how the funds they manage perform, several corporations began

(B) investment officers’ fees to be based on the performance of the funds they manage, several corporations began

(C) that fees of investment officers be based on how the funds they manage perform, several corporations have begun

(D) fees of investment officers to be based on the performance of the funds they manage, several corporations have begun（D）

(E) that investment officers’ fees be based on the performance of the funds they manage, several corporations began

在同一个句子里，前一个they指代officers, 后一个their指代corporation, 应该算代词指代有歧义吧？

这一道题是不是同理？

[此贴子已经被作者于2006-7-25 21:53:36编辑过]