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关于破折号的一些看法 (GWD 7-4, GWD9-1)
GWD7-4
Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the
man-eater of the movies—less than those killed by bee stings.
A. movies—less than those
B. movies—fewer than have been
C. movies, which is less than those
D. movies, a number lower than the people
E .movies, fewer than the ones）
本题给的答案是B，但是查过原始发题者给的答案是D。我同意后者D。本题的考点是1、破折号的用法。2、可数，不可数名次用FEW,LESS修饰 3、THAN的比较 4、同位语的理解。关键是理解破折号的用法，A,B项之所以错误是因为MOVIES后的破折号连接的 LESS THAN…/FEWER THAN 修饰的是 THE MAN-EATER也就是THE WHITE SHARK，那么说SHARK KILLED BY BEE STINGS 显然是不合句子意思的。C项的错误很简单就是WHICH修饰MOVIES。E项同位语指示不清楚，仍然是FEWER THAN 修饰有问题，有解释鲨鱼被蜜蜂叮的嫌疑。而D项用了a number 和the people 明确了同位和比较的对象。
GWD9-1
A mixture of poems and short fiction, Jean Toomer’s Cane has been called one of the three best novels ever written by Black Americans—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man.
A. Black Americans—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man
B. Black Americans—including Native Son by Richard Wright and Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison
C. a Black American—including Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man
D. a Black American—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man
E. a Black American—the others being Richard Wright’s Native Son and Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man
本题应该选B，看过前人的评述，总结一下。1、Three novels ever written by 后面应该跟复数black Americans否则有三本书是一个人写的嫌疑。2、书名＋BY+作者 比 人’S 书要更加清楚地表达了书是由某个作者写的（这点应该属于EFFECTIVENESS 在解决完了句子正确表达没有错误后可以参考）。3、最关键的一点，大家对破折号加INCLUDING表示不解，有人提出是否将破折号改成逗号就很好了。我觉得首先不能改成逗号，否则INCLUDING就是修饰 BLACK AMERICANS，而这里的INCLUDING修饰的是THREE BEST NOVELS，破折号后跟的修饰前面的中心词，这点从上一题也能看出来。所以E项的错误，我认为主要是A BLACK AMERICAN 以及不太好的BEING。
总结：1、破折号里若没有名词打头的主语（以动词，形容词。。起头）修饰前面名词的中心词
2、若是名词短语直接修饰所连对象，或者中心词 根据句意而定
以下摘录几道大全题目供体会
大全594、Ranked as one of the most important of Europe’s young playwrights, Franz Xaver Kroetz has written forty plays; his works—translated into over thirty languages—are produced more often than any contemporary German dramatist.
(A) than any
(B) than any other
(C) than are any
(D) than those of any other（D）
(E) as are those of any
破折号后的translated修饰his works
599、Recent excavations suggest that the ancient peoples of the Italian peninsula merged the cult of Damia—a goddess of fertility and the harvest—with Venus.
(A) with Venus
(B) and Venus
(C) with that of Venus
(D) and Venus’（C）
(E) and Venus’ cult
名词短语修饰DAMIA
730、The diet of the ordinary Greek in classical times was largely vegetarian—vegetables, fresh cheese, oatmeal, and meal cakes, and meat rarely.
(A) and meat rarely
(B) and meat was rare
(C) with meat as rare
(D) meat a rarity（E）
(E) with meat as a rarity
731、The direction in which the Earth and the other solid planets—Mercury, Venus, and Mars—spins were determined from collisions with giant celestial bodies in the early history of the Solar System.
(A) spins were determined from
(B) spins were determined because of
(C) spins was determined through
(D) spin was determined by（D）
(E) spin was determined as a result of
466、Just as reading Samuel Pepys’s diary gives a student a sense of the seventeenth century—of its texture and psyche—so Jane Freed’s guileless child narrator takes the operagoer inside turn-of-the-century Vienna.
(A) so Jane Freed’s guileless child narrator takes the operagoer
(B) so listening to Jane Freed’s guileless child narrator takes the operagoer
(C) so the guileless child narrator of Jane Freed takes the operagoer
(D) listening to Jane Freed’s guileless child narrator takes the operagoer（B）
(E) Jane Freed’s guileless child narrator takes the operagoer to her opera
破折号后OF修饰的是 SENSE
OPEN TO DISCUSS
[此贴子已经被作者于2006-4-17 10:13:04编辑过] | 
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发表于 2006-4-17 10:12:00
