不定式to，OG-9和885 B-19

gemj

9.    Astronomers at the Palomar Observatory have discovered a distant supernova explosion, one that they believe is a type previously unknown to science.
(A) that they believe is
(B) that they believe it to be
(C) they believe that it is of
(D) they believe that is
(E) they believe to be of
OG对正确答案E的解释：
Choice E is best. In the context of this sentence, the infinitive to be is more appropriate than the limited present-tense is in referring to an event that occurred long ago but has been discovered only recently.
其中的referring to an event that occurred long ago but has been discovered only recently也就是说不定式在表达一个“很久以前就发生、但只到最近才发现的事情”时比较合适。但我查了两本语法书，好像也没有这样的说法。哪位大牛能为我提供关于这一点的理论依据、范例、或解释？
19.    Balzac drank more than fifty cups of coffee a day and died of caffeine poisoning; furthermore, caffeine did not seem to bother Samuel Johnson, the great writer and lexicographer, who was reported to have drunk twenty-five cups of tea at one sitting.
(A) furthermore, caffeine did not seem to bother
(B) however, caffeine did not seem to bother
(C) however, caffeine did not seem to have bothered
(D) furthermore, caffeine did not seem to have bothered
(E) in addition, caffeine did not seem to bother
ANSWER: B
为什么C不对？从逻辑上理解to have bothered应该是发生在seem(ed)之前，用不定式的完成形式不是很好吗？
难道是因为bothered所表达的过去的含义已经被did (not) seem已经表达了？
请各路高手指教，不胜感谢！

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-9-24 20:11:48编辑过]

mzyzhu

先句2 个关于to be 的例子。
Erasmus Montanus, a seventeenth-century farce written by Ludwig Holberg, both predates and resembles Moliere’s Tartuffe and is therefore thought to be one of Moliere’s sources

Because it seemed to be one of the few corporations diversified enough to survive the recession, many shareholders ignored the drop in third-quarter profits and invested even more heavily in Emco.

Balzac那题。首先表达完成时需要特定的时间指示，比如since then。其次如果你要表达完成时态，我认为应该在have not seemed to bother somebody, 而不是did not seem to have bothered.因为后者在时间关系上的逻辑混乱。

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-9-24 20:35:03编辑过]

gemj

以下是引用mzyzhu在2003-9-24 20:28:00的发言：
Balzac那题。首先表达完成时需要特定的时间指示，比如since then。其次如果你要表达完成时态，我认为应该在have not seemed to bother somebody, 而不是did not seem to have bothered.因为后者在时间关系上的逻辑混乱。

我是说如果表达不定式to have bothered动作发生在主句动作seem(ed)之前，用不定式的完成形式不是很好吗？

mzyzhu

你的逻辑没有错。但是句子是一个完整的概念。如果按照这一逻辑：不定式to have bothered动作发生在主句动作seem(ed)之前整个句子理解起来会比较的费劲：“在过去看起来以前，咖啡就使她烦。“为什么不直接说it seemed (or have seemed) to bother....

GMAT句子该错中还有一条就是“最佳”原则。相比之下，it seem to bother 比it seem to have bothered在这句话中较好。

givemeahome

我觉得主要是应为 coffee 对Balzac 和 Sameul的bother 上句子里是一种同时对比关系, 而have有比。。。早的意思，但这里没有这个意思和任何明显的时间符号；不知大家以为如何；

dandan74

"seem" here is just a link verb, it's not an action. So it doesn't make sense to make "bother" past perfect. Just like "is".

gemj

第9题难道无人能给予指点吗？

xianwharton

ers就是最佳的理论依据。你说呢，因为我们实在考ETS的GMAT。

gemj

xianwharton 说的极是，非常感谢！但总有一种死不瞑目的感觉啊！ETS不能任意地创造语法规则吧？

sting228

9
"to have done" 表示已经完成的,在什么之前的已经完成的确定的动作
"to do"表示还未发生的,现在的或者是持续不断的动作.
该提中强调"持续的"对他无效