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摘自OG10，页码是我自己用的word文档的页码，和原版不同。 现在看大全，反过来想，伴随结果的定义，修饰的层次性，里面有些说法是不正确的。现在更正。我期待的是否定里面的错误。 更新一把，上次的错误太多；其实我一直想路过的人，看了之后，把自己的想法open出来，扔些菜叶，并且加上你的观点:-)最近狂看了很多牛人的帖子，从中获取了很多，谢谢你们:-)其中肯定还有不少错误，希望看了的人马上纠正，将非常感谢你的帮助 一. with独立主格结构 特征 with + noun + noun, with + noun + prep, with + noun + adj/adv, with + noun + ing/done with后第一个名词是with独立主格结构主语，不同于主句主语；后面的部分构成谓语；共同构成主谓。 1.作定语 直接位于名词后面，或者跳跃修饰名词，作为定语修饰名词；表修饰对象的特性，属性 (修饰对象X)和(with独立主格结构主语Y)具有关系： 1.1 X have Y, Y of X 1.2 X是Y的宾语 OG－40p18 In metalwork one advantage of adhesive-bonding over spot-welding is that the contact, and hence the bonding, is effected continuously over a broad surface rather than at a series of regularly spaced points with no bonding in between.
2.作状语 2.1位于句首 位于句首的with独立主格结构，表原因，表时间，表条件。 2.2 位于句中，表达动作的方式 2.3位于句末，表达动作的伴随同时，伴随结果 OG－15p7 which may be violent without being grounded in mental disease和精神病没有必然联系的狂躁 OG－19p9 rice has protein of higher quality than that in wheat, with more of the amino acids essential to the human diet OG－25p12 The end of the eighteenth century saw the emergence of prize-stock breeding, with individual bulls and cows receiving awards, fetching unprecedented prices, and exciting enormous interest whenever they were put on show. OG－90p38 several corporations have begun paying their investment advisers a small basic fee, with a contract promising higher fees if the managers perform well. OG－104p43 E：The diet was largely vegetarian, with meat as a rarity OG－113p47 D： with arms and legs hanging修饰sleeping 二. with + n 1.作定语 OG－205p86 with crests and troughs修饰主语the resulting flow pattern OG－39p18 animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment OG－137p57 families with a wage-earning wife=>主语部分中修饰名词 OG－148p61 enforce its own plan for states without adequate regulations OG－200p84
there are much larger populations of pesticide-degrading microbes in soils with a relatively long history of pesticide use
2.作状语 with + noun表让步，表原因，表时间，表条件，表方式；with + noun不表伴随 2.1位于句首 with + noun为语句首，主句主语和with的宾语构成下列几种关系： 表时间：with the advent of… 表让步：in spite of: with all his defaults, he is still an honest man. 表方式，使用具体工具，手段，using, by： 大全－987 with cloning technology, 大全－981 without the aid of telephoto lenses = by the aid of 表拥有，持有： 表together with： 大全－987 With cloning technology, scientists are approaching 大全－941 With just several quick strokes OG－24p11 The first decision for most tenants living in a building undergoing conversion to cooperative ownership is whether to sign a no-buy pledge with the other tenants. 2.2 位于句中，表达动作的方式 have, possess OG－198p83 entered Russia with far more supplies than those for any previous campaigns OG－50p22 A baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision that would be rated about 20/500; an adult with such vision would be deemed legally blind. OG－116p48 come to church with a predisposition to religious belief OG－199p83 E：if it occurred with comparable magnitude in the West，但it表达同一物，错 OG－128p53 New hardy varieties of rice show promise of producing high yields without the costly irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer OG－56p24 the Maya built huge palace and temple clusters without the benefit of animal transport or the wheel OG－79p34 to consider the rural poor legitimate subjects and to portray them with sympathy and respect OG－146p61 C：prove damage without another doctor’s testimony use OG－114P47 crafted the canoe with small ribs and rails of cedar OG－86p36 worked by holding the brush in his right hand and guiding its movements with his left. by OG－93p39 C：and the frequency with which the inventory turns over = and inventory turns over with the frequency，但和how items are placed on shelves不平行，错 with习惯用法 OG－265p113 intension with society or with themselves OG－257p109 collision with OG－254p108 E：in comparison with与…比较，习惯用法 OG－247p104 faced with习惯用法 OG－235p99 C/D/E：begin with首先，习惯用法；应该用begin…in…as表达最开始以…身份开始… OG－232p98 B/E：unlike with错 OG－230p97 D：with reference to关于，习惯用法 OG－226p95 credit with习惯用法 OG－224p94 contact with习惯用法 OG－219p92 associated with习惯用法 OG－217p91 A/D：between…with=>between…and OG－201p85 along with习惯用法 OG－193p81 in comparison with习惯用法 OG－170p71 crowded with comedians and variety show习惯用法 OG－167p70 so were probably without language OG－123p51 pollute with习惯用法 OG－115p48 collaborate with习惯用法 OG－111p47 B：credit with having OG－95p40 Along with the drop in producer prices announced yesterday, the strong retail sales figures OG－85p36 Out of America’s fascination with all things antique OG－73p31 deal with习惯用法 OG－68p29 react with习惯用法 OG－67p29 Congress is debating a bill requiring certain employers to provide workers with unpaid leave so that they can care for sick or newborn children OG－46p21 associate with习惯用法 OG－38p17 consistent with习惯用法 OG－24p11 The first decision for most tenants living in a building undergoing conversion to cooperative ownership is whether to sign a no-buy pledge with the other tenants. with结构/with独立主格结构/with + noun (主句主语) 和 (with独立主格结构宾语)，(with + noun介宾宾语)：不构成动宾；或者说主句主语是with结构主语。有正例，有反例。 GMAT关于with结构的考试非常细致入微。 解题：根据简洁性，正确性，无歧义性进行确认或者排除。高的优先级：主谓一致，平行，数的一致，dangling，时态，代词指代，that/介词短语就近修饰，there be，being，having排除错误选项。 分析对于剩下的选项：如果有with结构，根据时间状语暗示的时态，是否表达语气，逻辑是否正确排除或者确认选with结构。 题型1：with结构修饰主语，直接位于主语后面。 考点：ing的squint modifier，with结构修饰主语无歧义。 正向考法 OG－179p75 C：Native Americans, with their intimate knowledge of the ecology of the land, helped to rescue；=>with + noun，作定语 题型2：位于句首的with结构 考点：时态和句子的逻辑 1. 根据主谓一致，平行，数的一致，dangling，时态，代词指代，that/介词短语就近修饰，there be，being，having排除错误选项。 2剩下的选项中有with结构 2.1对于with独立主格结构， 1)test：是否表方式，时间，原因，条件，结果或伴随状况； 2)表伴随，test：with结构和主句的时态一致。如果有时间状语暗示，使得with独立结构时态应该与主句时态不一致，选其他表达正确时态的选项； 3)with独立主格结构具有完整的句意，如果主句的行为关联的是with独立结构主语，选择表达这种关联的选项。 2.2 对于with + noun， 1)test是否表方式，时间，原因，条件，让步； 2)test是否表达have, possess； 3)test表达方式是否表达使用具体工具，手段； 如果以上tests不能通过，选择更合逻辑的选项。 正向考法 OG－86-Ep36：His right hand crippled…=>根据having, being, there be, that就近修饰排除，只剩下独立主格结构。此处引为例子。表原因。 大全－959 with child care already a solid part of the employee benefits package at many companies, more businesses are focusing on a newer family benefit known as elder care, servicing for older dependents.=>根据as, being排除剩下独立主格结构和with独立主格结构，句首的的独立主格结构读成dangling，ETS倾向with独立主格结构。此处with独立主格结构表原因。 反向考法 OG－158p65 A：with only 5%, U.S. citizens consume=>with + noun，test with+noun，均不符合；句子意图表达主语之间的对比，主语之间的数量关系。 OG－11p6 C：With accounts of various…, scholars have pained，=>with独立主格结构，表达原因，没有using表达简单 OG－16p8 B：with lease-loan buying there is no requirement of=>with + noun，there be的错误，完全不考虑此选项 GWD9-3 Because of wireless service costs plummeting in the last year, and as mobile phones are increasingly common, many people now using their mobile phones to make calls across a wide region at night and on weekends, when numerous wireless companies provide unlimited airtime for a relatively small monthly fee. A. Because of wireless service costs plummeting in the last year, and as mobile phones are increasingly common, many people B. As the cost of wireless service plummeted in the last year and as mobile phones became increasingly common, many people C. In the last year, with the cost of wireless service plummeting, and mobile phones have become increasingly common, there are many people D. With the cost of wireless service plummeting in the last year and mobile phones becoming increasingly common, many people are E. While the cost of wireless service has plummeted in the last year and mobile phones are increasingly common, many people are many people are using=>从D/E中选。 and不平性排除A/C，C中there are many people换为主动表达；主句时态是一般现在时，从句至少应该有一个现在时排除B；D没有E清晰表达时态 GWD 9-18(同3-22)On account of a law passed in 1993, making it a crime punishable by imprisonment that a United States citizen hold gold in the form of bullion or coins, immigrants found that on arrival in the United States they had to surrender all of the gold they had brought with them. A.On account of a law passed in 1993, making it a crime punishable by imprisonment that a United States citizen hold B.With a law passed in 1933 that makes it a crime punishable by imprisonment that a United States citizen hold C.A law passed in 1933 that made it a crime punishable by imprisonment for a United States citizen holding D.Because of a law passed in 1933 making it a crime punishable by imprisonment for a United States citizen to hold E.Due to a law being passed in 1933 that makes it a crime punishable by imprisonment for a United States citizen to hold a U.S. citizen holds=>从C/D/E中选。 C句首的独立主格结构读成dangling；due to=attribute to，不能用来表达原因，being错 making squint modifier排除A；B表达这件事导致主句动作的产生，应该是依据法律，逻辑不对； 题型3 位于句末的with结构 VS 独立句子/ing 考点：with + noun不表伴随，with独立主格结构=表达动作=表达伴随；ing表达简洁；with位于多个动作后修饰歧义 根据主谓一致，平行，数的一致，dangling，时态，代词指代，that/介词短语就近修饰，there be，being，having排除错误选项。 反向考法 OG－251p106 with extinction修饰survived，在一片茂密的灌木丛中生存下来，免予灭绝；D/E错，D/E使用了现在的时间点now：1)不能修饰主句的谓语has survived---表达过去完成的动作，时间逻辑错；2)不能表达过去完成的动作has survived<=伴随结果有两层意思：1)和修饰的动词的时间点一致；2)表修饰的动词的结果或者句意表达的行为的结果。 OG－218p92 B：with the results being published=>being多余，order that should，should多余；D：with their results published，their没有指代 OG－207p87 C：revenues are low with higher marketing expense in preparation，higher than what? OG－163p68 B：they sleep fifteen hours a day, and with such infrequent movements => and不平行，sloths对不上its OG－78p33 C/E：with a result of，1)没有ing简洁；2)either…or…不平行错误 大全－981-A/B/C/D：without the aid of telephoto lenses修饰歧义 题型4：(with结构 VS 分词短语/定语从句) 限定修饰宾语中(最近名词/跳跃修饰名词) 考点：修使的无歧义性：分词优先修饰最近的名词，with结构读成修饰谓语。 1) 根据主谓一致，平行，数的一致，dangling，时态，代词指代，that/介词短语就近修饰，there be，being，having排除错误选项。比如：there be笨拙的表达，换为主动的表达，更为清晰；比较结构的平行，排除比较对象不一致的选项。无需再考虑with结构和that从句的区别。 2)对于剩下的with结构和定语从句：根据with结构是否带来歧义确认/排除with结构；根据1)数的一致；2)需要表达时态；3)需要表达语气来；确认选定语从句 正向考法： 大全－828 A：all children who have a reading problem => who从句的数不一致；D：also assured children with reading problems=> with + noun修饰children，表达children have reading problems.
反向考法： OG－212p89 E：has for several years followed a policy with the aim to=>with独立主格结构，读成修饰has followed，选分词 大全－955 A：Asset allocators create portfolios with the intention to turn in OG－152p63 B/E：humans with no with独立主格结构1)读成修饰kill；2)没有表达出would的语气=>选从句 OG－141p58 D：identical twins with…=>比较结构，比较对象的一致性：排除含with结构的D OG－59p26 E：there was at least a million or more others without any support agreements whatsoever=>was->were；表达至少at least as many as；将笨拙的there be句型更换为主动表达 more than a million more others had no support agreements. 说明：为避免阅读障碍，修饰最好靠近修饰对象，包括介词短语。上述的出题方式只是选择最优的体现。下面给出介词短语就近修饰排除选项的例子： OG256 Vesuvius in two letters to the historian Tacitus OG262 arrived in the New World on Columbus Day 1992 OG263 the largest library of the ancient world at Alexandria, 题型5：位于句末的逗号加with结构 VS 分词短语/定语从句 考点：句末的with + noun作定语，不表达伴随，句末的with独立主格结构表伴随；with结构可以跳跃修饰，非限定定语从句就近修饰。 1. 考表达伴随，选择with独立主格结构。 OG－113p47 D： with arms and legs hanging修饰sleeping 2.考修饰名词 首先根据就近修饰排除非限定定语从句，其次考察修饰对象和with + noun介词宾语是否清晰表达二者之间的关系，如果清晰，确认选择with结构；如果没有，选择非限定定语从句 正向考法 大全－985 D：with different colors marking读成表达伴随结果，原意作为定语修饰layers；A：with different colors that make明确是定语，因为with + noun不能表伴随。 大全－979 把大全－979选项都是跳跃修饰，比较而言，非限定定语从句就近修饰；OG－212p89-E：policy with the aim to和分词比较。 反向考法： OG－119p49 C：with the business cost of，B which cost更清晰地表达the effects cost business。C读成修饰compounding with the business cost of，逻辑荒谬。原意：白粉的使用直线上升，造成的后果占了药品和酒精滥用后果；相当大的部分，接下来是描述总体后果…可以看出定语从句的就近修饰中心词，类似的例子：OG－165p55和987－268 题型6：with独立主格结构的宾语是代词，指代修饰对象：重复 反向考法： OG－229p97 B/D：likening it to a Greek statue with lipstick put on it=>修饰宾语，易歧义：1)应该去掉it；2)读成修饰动词liken OG－192p81 D：their language is basically seventeenth-century French with English, Spanish, and Italian words having been added to it=>修饰宾语French：1)it冗余；2)读成修饰主语 OG－102p43 C/E：performance with the composer himself staging it=>比较部分，也就是和主语同一级别的句子成分，中的with修饰名词。it冗余；with exception of = besides = except for除…以外
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发表于 2006-3-21 13:03:00
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