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以下是引用isuffering在2003-9-19 12:59:00的发言：
总结：代词指代，就近指代 or按逻辑意思指代？
在总结时发现代词指代很值得讨论：
观点：代词指代按逻辑意思指代，而非就近指代；
有的表面上看是就近指代，但根本还是按逻辑意思来指代。
1． 代词指代按逻辑意思指代，而非就近指代。
举例：XDF-S7-T24，XDF-S12-T21
XDF-S7-T24
24. Several years ago the diet industry introduced a variety of appetite suppressants, but some of these drugs caused stomach disorders severe enough to have them banned by the Food and Drug Administration.
(A) stomach disorders severe enough to have them
(B) stomach disorders that were severe enough so they were
(C) stomach disorders of such severity so as to be
(D) such severe stomach disorders that they were
(E) such severe stomach disorders as to be
The answer is D.
其中
but some of these drugs caused such severe stomach disorders that they were banned by the Food and Drug Administration.
“they ” 按逻辑意思指代drugs，而非就近指代。
XDF-S12-T21
21. The filibuster, a parliamentary device that slows the snail’s pace that prevails even in the best of times in congressional sessions and tests the endurance of everyone associated with it, seems more and more an anachronism in the age of telecommunications.
(A) sessions and tests the endurance of everyone associated with it, seems
(B) sessions and tests the endurance of everyone who is associated with it, seeming to be
(C) sessions, tests the endurance of everyone associated with it, seems
(D) sessions, that tests the endurance of everyone associated with it and seems
(E) sessions, testing the endurance of everyone associated with it and seeming
The answer is A.
其中
a parliamentary device that slows( the snail’s pace that prevails even in the best of times in congressional sessions) and tests ( the endurance of everyone associated with it)
即a parliamentary device that slows …and tests…
it按逻辑意思指代 a parliamentary device , 而非就近指代。
2．有的表面上看是就近指代，但根本还是按逻辑意思来指代。
举例：XDF-S12-T20，XDF-补充材料-T230
XDF-S12-T20
20. In December of 1987 an automobile manufacturer pleaded no contest to criminal charges of odometer tampering and agreed to pay more than $16 million in civil damages for cars that were test-driven with their odometers disconnected.
(A) cars that were test-driven with their odometers disconnected
(B) cars that it had test-driven with their disconnected odometers
(C) its cars having been test-driven with disconnected odometers
(D) having test-driven cars with their odometers disconnected
(E) having cars that were test-driven with disconnected odometers
The answer is D.
Sb. pay sth. for having test-driven cars with their odometers disconnected.
其中with their odometers disconnected 作定语，修饰cars;
their 按逻辑意思指代cars.
虽然满足就近指代， 但根本还是按逻辑意思来指代。
XDF-补充材料-T230
230. In an effort to reduce their inventories, Italian vintners have cut prices; their wines have been priced to sell, and they are.
(A) have been priced to sell, and they are
(B) are priced to sell, and they have
(C) are priced to sell, and they do
(D) are being priced to sell, and have
(E) had been priced to sell, and they have
The answer is C.
其中their wines are priced to sell, and they do.
“they” 按逻辑意思指代wines.
虽然满足就近指代， 但根本还是按逻辑意思来指代。
注意：这里同一句中的their, they 并没有指代同一名词.
their指代前面的Vintners, 而they 指代wines.
结论：代词指代按逻辑意思指代，而非就近指代；
有的表面上看是就近指代，但根本还是按逻辑意思来指代。
抛砖引玉， 欢迎讨论。
不同意红字部分的观点，我的观点是这样的： they和their都是指代vinters，这一条新东方的石林曾经讲过，虽然我对于石林的很多荒谬观点并不认同，但是这条我完全认同：在商业正式文件中，原则上一个句子中的代词（譬如their和they）只能指代同一个事物！
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发表于 2006-8-4 12:22:00
