|
以下是引用isuffering在2003-9-19 12:59:00的发言：
总结：代词指代，就近指代 or按逻辑意思指代？
在总结时发现代词指代很值得讨论：
观点：代词指代按逻辑意思指代，而非就近指代；
有的表面上看是就近指代，但根本还是按逻辑意思来指代。
1． 代词指代按逻辑意思指代，而非就近指代。
举例：XDF-S7-T24，XDF-S12-T21
XDF-S7-T24
24. Several years ago the diet industry introduced a variety of appetite suppressants, but some of these drugs caused stomach disorders severe enough to have them banned by the Food and Drug Administration.
(A) stomach disorders severe enough to have them
(B) stomach disorders that were severe enough so they were
(C) stomach disorders of such severity so as to be
(D) such severe stomach disorders that they were
(E) such severe stomach disorders as to be
The answer is D.
其中
but some of these drugs caused such severe stomach disorders that they were banned by the Food and Drug Administration.
“they ” 按逻辑意思指代drugs，而非就近指代。
XDF-S12-T21
21. The filibuster, a parliamentary device that slows the snail’s pace that prevails even in the best of times in congressional sessions and tests the endurance of everyone associated with it, seems more and more an anachronism in the age of telecommunications.
(A) sessions and tests the endurance of everyone associated with it, seems
(B) sessions and tests the endurance of everyone who is associated with it, seeming to be
(C) sessions, tests the endurance of everyone associated with it, seems
(D) sessions, that tests the endurance of everyone associated with it and seems
(E) sessions, testing the endurance of everyone associated with it and seeming
The answer is A.
其中
a parliamentary device that slows( the snail’s pace that prevails even in the best of times in congressional sessions) and tests ( the endurance of everyone associated with it)
即a parliamentary device that slows …and tests…
it按逻辑意思指代 a parliamentary device , 而非就近指代。
2．有的表面上看是就近指代，但根本还是按逻辑意思来指代。
举例：XDF-S12-T20，XDF-补充材料-T230
XDF-S12-T20
20. In December of 1987 an automobile manufacturer pleaded no contest to criminal charges of odometer tampering and agreed to pay more than $16 million in civil damages for cars that were test-driven with their odometers disconnected.
(A) cars that were test-driven with their odometers disconnected
(B) cars that it had test-driven with their disconnected odometers
(C) its cars having been test-driven with disconnected odometers
(D) having test-driven cars with their odometers disconnected
(E) having cars that were test-driven with disconnected odometers
The answer is D.
Sb. pay sth. for having test-driven cars with their odometers disconnected.
其中with their odometers disconnected 作定语，修饰cars;
their 按逻辑意思指代cars.
虽然满足就近指代， 但根本还是按逻辑意思来指代。
XDF-补充材料-T230
230. In an effort to reduce their inventories, Italian vintners have cut prices; their wines have been priced to sell, and they are.
(A) have been priced to sell, and they are
(B) are priced to sell, and they have
(C) are priced to sell, and they do
(D) are being priced to sell, and have
(E) had been priced to sell, and they have
The answer is C.
其中their wines are priced to sell, and they do.
“they” 按逻辑意思指代wines.
虽然满足就近指代， 但根本还是按逻辑意思来指代。
注意：这里同一句中的their, they 并没有指代同一名词.
their指代前面的Vintners, 而they 指代wines.
结论：代词指代按逻辑意思指代，而非就近指代；
有的表面上看是就近指代，但根本还是按逻辑意思来指代。
抛砖引玉， 欢迎讨论。
有疑问！og83，看ets的解释：
83. Any medical test will sometimes fail to detect a condition when it is present and indicate that there is one when it is not.
(A) a condition when it is present and indicate that there is one
(B) when a condition is present and indicate that there is one
(C) a condition when it is present and indicate that it is present
(D) when a condition is present and indicate its presence（C）
(E) the presence of a condition when it is there and indicate its presence
Only choice C, the best answer, produces a sentence in which every pronoun it refers clearly and logically to the noun condition. In choices A and B, the phrase indicate that there is one does not grammatically fit with when it is not because it has no referent. Choices B and D are imprecise in saying that a test will fail to detect when a condition is present, since the issue is the presence and not the timing of the condition. Further, its presence in D leaves the it in when it is not without a logical referent: it must refer to condition, not presence. Choice E repeats this error; also, the presence... when it is there is imprecise and redundant.
按他的解释，it并不只能按逻辑指代我们想指代的对象condition，而有可能指代到presence啊。另外AB的one的指代有什么特点么？
顶这么老的帖子，罪过罪过-_-b | 
京公网安备11010202008513号 京ICP证101109号 京ICP备12012021号
发表于 2003-12-4 23:04:00
