关于代词指代的问题，请各位大侠看过来。

笨笨可可

以下是引用xie999999999在2007-5-13 0:50:00的发言：

楼上谢谢你把这个帖子顶上来让我看了这么个陈年好贴！

我觉得第12题主要是有as这个连词在里面，所以they 就不“immediately clear”了。容易误认为是established big businesses

227里面的C指代上确实没问题，就是逻辑上指代defendants，但ETS还是有点嫌they离他太远了，不是致命的毛病，所以说是awkwardly ， 就是说这个句子说的比较笨。相比之下B就避免了地理位置上离所指代词远的“问题”。

有趣的是，你看下OG11第102的解释，选项A也是仅仅因为离着远OG就判它错了，虽然我认为选项A确实有修饰歧义的毛病。

指代应按逻辑指代，优先指代前句主语的原则还是成立的。

还有两个几个相关的心得，放在这儿，望批判：

1，一个句子里面有好几个代词，如they，但这些代词都指代一致

2，但类似their 和they就不一定非得一致 （remember the "their wine..., they do' question in OG11)

望大家讨论。

楼上的兄长，我觉得在一个句子中，物主代词和指示代词可以指代不一致。。但是又觉得不好解释。。

请看题目：大全中的

1.        Although the coordination of monetary policy can help facilitate the orderly financing of existing imbalances, it is unlikely that its effect on their size is significant in the absence of an appropriate fiscal adjustment.

(A) it is unlikely that its effect on their size is significant

(B) it is unlikely that the size of their effect would be significant

(C) affecting their sizes are not likely to be significant

(D) the significance of their effect on its size is unlikely（E）

(E) its effect on their size is not likely to be significant

其实这里的A句的话：it，its 如果按照可以指代不一致的话，这句也是成立的。。

按照baiyong书上写的话：unlikely和not likely是不能互换用的。。

所以综上所说，我认为是A。。

但是我不否认E也是对的，所以我很迷惑，代词的指代到底怎么样？

请NN 再次献身。。谢谢。。

lpdeng

以下是引用gemj在2003-9-24 12:02:00的发言：

以下是引用xianwharton在2003-9-24 9:07:00的发言：
gemj是这样的，我是看了bravemba的一个帖子才有如下疑问的，总觉得ets要想让一选项错那他肯定能找出理由来：OG中很多地方在解释代词指代，尤其是it的代词指代问题，更容易出现混淆。关于就近指代和主语优先的问题，我觉得不是关键，完全可以通过逻辑意思的判断跳过。例如OG中另外一个经典的代词指代的例子。OG50。
所以语法上的优先指代，如果存在逻辑意思的混淆，当然也就发生了指代模糊的问题，
那么在A 中it 从语法上我们可知其指代baby，但我们从逻辑上可判断它是指its sense of vision那从逻辑上说A 就不应该错了，请讨论。

这个例子并不影响我的结论。
这个题目不选A，是因为A中的第一个IT可能导致混乱和误解，而相比而言，D是多么地完美无缺啊！
更况且A中的第二个it无论指代什么都说不通。ETS在解释错误的时候，好多的错误它不谈，不知是何居心？况且本题的第二个错误更加严重！

再说一遍我的意思：出现这种有可能产生歧义的指代时，也就是句子的有效性（EFFECTIVENESS）出现问题时，我们要高度警惕。如果有更好的选项，则将其抛弃！
但并不是说看它就不可能成为正确的答案。

By the way, xianwharton的确切的意思是什么我还不是十分清楚。
你是说我的什么观点有问题，还是想找一条确定的法则应对所有的题目？

google了一下

看到了这道题目可能的出处：

“The baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision —it would be rated about 20/500, or "legally blind," as one expert puts it, but eyesight develops rapidly. ”

http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,949745-4,00.html

zjpopo

虽然是陈年老帖，但是讨论的深远意义仍然对当下的我们十分有用！

这个代词指代……

基范1987

以下是引用xie999999999在2007-5-13 0:50:00的发言：

楼上谢谢你把这个帖子顶上来让我看了这么个陈年好贴！

我觉得第12题主要是有as这个连词在里面，所以they 就不“immediately clear”了。容易误认为是established big businesses

227里面的C指代上确实没问题，就是逻辑上指代defendants，但ETS还是有点嫌they离他太远了，不是致命的毛病，所以说是awkwardly ， 就是说这个句子说的比较笨。相比之下B就避免了地理位置上离所指代词远的“问题”。

有趣的是，你看下OG11第102的解释，选项A也是仅仅因为离着远OG就判它错了，虽然我认为选项A确实有修饰歧义的毛病。

指代应按逻辑指代，优先指代前句主语的原则还是成立的。

还有两个几个相关的心得，放在这儿，望批判：

1，一个句子里面有好几个代词，如they，但这些代词都指代一致

2，但类似their 和they就不一定非得一致 （remember the "their wine..., they do' question in OG11)

望大家讨论。

这个我同意,呵呵,回个老贴顺便看下我新更新的资料显示没

feizhuliu

弱弱的问一下

12. The Olympic Games helped to keep peace among the pugnacious states of the Greek world in that a sacred truce was proclaimed during the festival’s month.
(A) world in that a sacred truce was proclaimed during the festival’s month
(B) world, proclaiming a sacred truce during the festival’s month
(C) world when they proclaimed a sacred truce for the festival month
(D) world, for a sacred truce was proclaimed during the month of the festival
(E) world by proclamation of a sacred truce that was for the month of the festival

这题为什么是C啊？是因为A B D都把一个短暂性的truce 和during month 联系起来了吗？

songlovegt

再来一个题，供研究

182. Consumers may not think of household cleaning products to be hazardous substances, but many of them can be harmful to health, especially if they are used improperly.

(A) Consumers may not think of household cleaning products to be

(B) Consumers may not think of household cleaning products being

(C) A consumer may not think of their household cleaning products being

(D) A consumer may not think of household cleaning products as

(E) Household cleaning products may not be thought of, by consumers, as

D是正确选项。

附上og解释

A correct sentence will follow the idiomatic form of expression to think of X as Y. Only D, the best choice, uses as in the comparison. The infinitive to be in A and the participle being in B and C cannot grammatically and idiomatically connect those choices to the rest of the sentence. Moreover, in C the plural pronoun their does not agree with the singular noun referent, consumer. E is awkward and wordy in its use of the passive voice

这里them指代有两个可能性，consumers or substances,

og 的解释并没有提及指代歧义问题。那么og应该认可通过逻辑判断限定了指代的唯一性。但通过逻辑限定避免歧义的规则是什么？请NN赐教

songlovegt

明白了，
这个题og之所以不认为them 有指代歧义。是因为逻辑上them 只能指代substances, 不能指代consumers, 因为consumers can be harmful to health. 逻辑意思不合理。所以无指代歧义。

forgivenever

还是不清楚啊，什么叫逻辑最大啊，逻辑上如果讲不通可以排除歧义，那么就不会出现指代混淆吗？那么我请问就拿下面这个题说

12. The Olympic Games helped to keep peace among the pugnacious states of the Greek world in that a sacred truce was proclaimed during the festival’s month.
(A) world in that a sacred truce was proclaimed during the festival’s month
(B) world, proclaiming a sacred truce during the festival’s month
(C) world when they proclaimed a sacred truce for the festival month
(D) world, for a sacred truce was proclaimed during the month of the festival
(E) world by proclamation of a sacred truce that was for the month of the festival

此题最早答案是C，现在OG 11的答案是D，官方解释是C中they指代不明，排除

那么按照上面的说法the Olympic Games是不能发出proclaim这个动作的，那么C应该没有指代不明，那么C就成立了，可是现在OG11说是D，

再说逻辑最大排除指代混淆这条本身在某些题上就存在模糊性

还望速度有大侠解释小生的疑惑

lcy19812000

哈哈，这帖子精彩异常，特别是当年gemj和xianwhaton二牛的激烈碰撞！

gemj的理论很深刻，但是遇到xianwhaton最刁难的提问好像也缺乏招架之力。

ETS啊，你真是一条变色龙。你那些前后矛盾、变幻莫测的解释，可能没人能完全掌握其中的要领了。

siniaf

以下是引用songlovegt在2009-1-20 6:33:00的发言：

再来一个题，供研究

182. Consumers may not think of household cleaning products to be hazardous substances, but many of them can be harmful to health, especially if they are used improperly.

(A) Consumers may not think of household cleaning products to be

(B) Consumers may not think of household cleaning products being

(C) A consumer may not think of their household cleaning products being

(D) A consumer may not think of household cleaning products as

(E) Household cleaning products may not be thought of, by consumers, as

D是正确选项。

附上og解释

A correct sentence will follow the idiomatic form of expression to think of X as Y. Only D, the best choice, uses as in the comparison. The infinitive to be in A and the participle being in B and C cannot grammatically and idiomatically connect those choices to the rest of the sentence. Moreover, in C the plural pronoun their does not agree with the singular noun referent, consumer. E is awkward and wordy in its use of the passive voice

这里them指代有两个可能性，consumers or substances,

og 的解释并没有提及指代歧义问题。那么og应该认可通过逻辑判断限定了指代的唯一性。但通过逻辑限定避免歧义的规则是什么？

因为D 中用了单数A consumer作主语，'them' 只能是指代products,所以没有歧义！

这样，当然D就比E要好了，虽然E也是gramatically correct的。