[讨论]OG11th-50

tallhermit

个人看法，仅供大家参考~~


解析：
A  这件事是educator的错，it代替了前面的一整句话，是GMAT典型错误之一。
B  这事情很难说是错了，谁的错？没说清楚，不知道。
C  一方面偏离原句重心，另一方面第二个it并无具体的指代！，
D  不能说educator没有预测到是有错的，at fault是有过错的意思，常用，故而正确
E  翻译过来就是“the fact是不能说的”，完全混乱背离原文意思。

pterosaur

50.   That educators have not anticipated the impact of microcomputer technology can hardly be said that it their fault: Aivin Toffler, one of the most prominent students of the future, did not even mention microcomputers in Future Shock, published in 1970.



(A)         That educators have not anticipated the impact of microcomputer technology can hardly be said that it is their fault

that...be said that...这种结构是不合理的，此外it指代前面的that从句，that里面套that，而且指代不清的做法，是GMAT考试中不可能成为正确答案的明确标识。

(B)         That educators have not anticipated the impact of microcomputer technology can hardly be said to be at fault

被动语态不是首选； at fault修饰的不是that从句，而是at fault修饰的应该是educators；

(C)         It can hardly be said that it is the fault of educators who have not anticipated the impact of microcomputer technology

it...that it is ...it重复，并且指代对象不对，首先排除；

(D)        It can hardly be said that educators are at fault for not anticipating the impact of microcomputer technology


正确答案一定是调理清晰，并且不会出现误会的地方。
(E)         The fact that educators are at fault for not anticipating the impact of microcomputer technology can hardly be said

头重脚轻，主语离谓语太长，容易引起误会。无端增加了the fact，没有道理。

Suri在奋斗

50.   That educators have not anticipated the impact of microcomputer technology can hardly be said that it their fault: Aivin Toffler, one of the most prominent students of the future, did not even mention microcomputers in Future Shock, published in 1970.



(A)         That educators have not anticipated the impact of microcomputer technology can hardly be said that it is their fault

that...be said that...这种结构是不合理的，此外it指代前面的that从句，that里面套that，而且指代不清的做法，是GMAT考试中不可能成为正确答案的明确标识。

(B)         That educators have not anticipated the impact of microcomputer technology can hardly be said to be at fault

被动语态不是首选； at fault修饰的不是that从句，而是at fault修饰的应该是educators；

(C)         It can hardly be said that it is the fault of educators who have not anticipated the impact of microcomputer technology

it...that it is ...it重复，并且指代对象不对，首先排除；

(D)        It can hardly be said that educators are at fault for not anticipating the impact of microcomputer technology


正确答案一定是调理清晰，并且不会出现误会的地方。
(E)         The fact that educators are at fault for not anticipating the impact of microcomputer technology can hardly be said

头重脚轻，主语离谓语太长，容易引起误会。无端增加了the fact，没有道理。

-- by 会员 pterosaur (2011/8/18 10:54:39)

赞，it不能指代一句话，我前几天的搞错了~~！！！！记住！！收获很大~~！！

Suri在奋斗

又重新看了下前面的讨论帖，不知道是不是现在头晕的缘故还是迷惑了
1.首先 sb is at fault到底对不对，非得是sb is at fault for doing sth
2.b 的og解释说 does not compete the subordinate是什么意思
网nn解释~~！！

babybearmm

Suri我来回答你的问题吧，欢迎探讨

1. sb. is at fault 对的
贴个American Heritage Dictionary的解说吧：
at fault
Responsible for a mistake, trouble, or failure; deserving blame. For example, At least three cars were involved in the accident, so it was hard to determine which driver was at fault , or He kept missing the target and wondered if the sight on his new rifle was at fault . In Britain this usage was formerly considered incorrect but is now acceptable; in America it has been widespread since the mid-1800s. Also see in the wrong.
btw：这个线上字典很好的，大量的英英解释、词源、例句，强烈推荐
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/at+fault

2.
(B)         That educators have not anticipated the impact of microcomputer technology can hardly be said to be at fault
看出来了吧？提炼下主干，就能发现这句话有2个谓语动词“打架”，中间既没有连词也没有标点隔开，也没有写成that从句。
OG：Can hardly be said to be at fault does not grammatically complete the subordinate clause.
是说，后面以can为核心的部分并不能构成一个从句。嗯，就是我刚说的意思。

这题就是Ron说的textbook-perfect case，诠释了什么时候it必须明确指代，什么时候是作为placeholder。我这里再贴以下Ron的总结，见下。

根据Ron的总结：
(A) ... can hardly be said that it is their fault.    
这个it必须明确指代，因为"it is their fault"后面没有东西。从意思上看，it也无法理解。
(C)         It can hardly be said that it is the fault of educators who have not anticipated the impact of microcomputer technology
且不说这句子awkward, wordy....
第一个it属于placeholder (Pattern #1)，没问题
第二个it有问题，指代不明
   It is the fault of educators who .....
   从意思上想，"who..."从句定义了educators，但你仍然不知道it指的是什么，什么东西是"the fault of educators".
   注意这不符合Pattern #3:
         It + (TO BE verb) + NOUN + that/who + verb
   attern #3 要求 the fault of educators 是后面那个从句（who .....）的主语，换句话说，后面从句定义这个noun.但显然不满足。
   我觉得以下两个句子（我编的）语法就没问题，这里it是作为placeholder (Pattern #3)
   It is the negligent educators who ....
   It is the fault of educators that is caused by educators who ....    
        不过这第二个句子不太简洁....我只是想说划线部分要能够充当后面那个从句的主语
(D)        It can hardly be said that educators are at fault for not anticipating the impact of microcomputer technology
这里it就没问题，作为placeholder (Pattern #1)

以下from Ron

THE ONLY PRONOUNS ON THE GMAT THAT DON'T HAVE TO STANDFOR NOUNS:
It + description+ that +complete sentence (independent clause)
It + description+ to +verb (infinitive)
It + (TOBE verb) + NOUN + that/who + verb

these "it"s DO NOT have to stand for nouns.
ALL other gmat pronouns must stand for nouns.

FIRST TYPE

It + is obvious + that Medellín will beat Nacional in Wednesday’s game.


It+ has been said + that the moon is made of green cheese.

Johnny found it + counterintuitive + that the GMAT tests exceptions to rules just as often as it teststhe rules themselves.

SECOND TYPE

It + is often difficult + to distinguish between a past-tense verb and a pastparticiple.

The rain made it + quite challenging + to drive on the freeway.

THIRD TYPE

It + was my own brother + who committed the crime.

又重新看了下前面的讨论帖，不知道是不是现在头晕的缘故还是迷惑了
1.首先 sb is at fault到底对不对，非得是sb is at fault for doing sth
2.b 的og解释说 does not compete the subordinate是什么意思
网nn解释~~！！

-- by 会员 Suri在奋斗 (2012/2/1 0:58:55)

Suri在奋斗

Suri我来回答你的问题吧，欢迎探讨

1. sb. is at fault 对的
贴个American Heritage Dictionary的解说吧：
atfault
Responsible for a mistake, trouble, or failure; deserving blame. For example, At least three cars were involved in the accident, so it was hard to determine which driver was at fault , or He kept missing the target and wondered if the sight on his new riflewas at fault. In Britain this usage was formerly considered incorrect but is now acceptable; in America it has been widespread since the mid-1800s. Also see in the wrong.
btw：这个线上字典很好的，大量的英英解释、词源、例句，强烈推荐
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/at+fault

2.
(B)         That educators have not anticipated the impact of microcomputer technology can hardly be said to be at fault
看出来了吧？提炼下主干，就能发现这句话有2个谓语动词“打架”，中间既没有连词也没有标点隔开，也没有写成that从句。
OG：Can hardly be said to be at fault does not grammatically complete the subordinate clause.
是说，后面以can为核心的部分并不能构成一个从句。嗯，就是我刚说的意思。

这题就是Ron说的textbook-perfect case，诠释了什么时候it必须明确指代，什么时候是作为placeholder。我这里再贴以下Ron的总结，见下。

根据Ron的总结：
(A) ... can hardly be said that it is their fault.    
这个it必须明确指代，因为"it is their fault"后面没有东西。从意思上看，it也无法理解。
(C)         It can hardly be said that it is the fault of educators who have not anticipated the impact of microcomputer technology
且不说这句子awkward, wordy....
第一个it属于placeholder (Pattern #1)，没问题
第二个it有问题，指代不明
   It is the fault of educatorswho .....
   从意思上想，"who..."从句定义了educators，但你仍然不知道it指的是什么，什么东西是"the fault of educators".
   注意这不符合Pattern #3:
It + (TO BE verb) + NOUN + that/who + verb
   attern #3 要求 the fault of educators 是后面那个从句（who .....）的主语，换句话说，后面从句定义这个noun.但显然不满足。
   我觉得以下两个句子（我编的）语法就没问题，这里it是作为placeholder (Pattern #3)
   It is the negligent educators who ....
   It is the fault of educators that is caused by educators who ....
        不过这第二个句子不太简洁....我只是想说划线部分要能够充当后面那个从句的主语
(D)        It can hardly be said that educators are at fault for not anticipating the impact of microcomputer technology
这里it就没问题，作为placeholder (Pattern #1)

以下from Ron

THE ONLY PRONOUNS ON THE GMAT THAT DON'T HAVE TO STANDFOR NOUNS:
It + description+ that +complete sentence (independent clause)
It + description+ to +verb (infinitive)
It + (TOBE verb) + NOUN + that/who + verb

these "it"s DO NOT have to stand for nouns.
ALL other gmat pronouns must stand for nouns.

FIRST TYPE

It + is obvious + that Medellín will beat Nacional in Wednesday’s game.


It+ has been said + that the moon is made of green cheese.

Johnny found it + counterintuitive + that the GMAT tests exceptions to rules just as often as it teststhe rules themselves.

SECOND TYPE

It + is often difficult + to distinguish between a past-tense verb and a pastparticiple.

The rain made it + quite challenging + to drive on the freeway.

THIRD TYPE

It + was my own brother + who committed the crime.

又重新看了下前面的讨论帖，不知道是不是现在头晕的缘故还是迷惑了
1.首先 sb is at fault到底对不对，非得是sb is at fault for doing sth
2.b 的og解释说 does not compete the subordinate是什么意思
网nn解释~~！！

-- by 会员 Suri在奋斗 (2012/2/1 0:58:55)

-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/2/1 5:54:03)

That educators have not anticipated the impact of microcomputer technology can hardly be said to be at fault
看出来了吧？提炼下主干，就能发现这句话有2个谓语动词“打架”，中间既没有连词也没有标点隔开，也没有写成that从句。
OG：Can hardly be said to be at fault does not grammatically complete the subordinate clause.
是说，后面以can为核心的部分并不能构成一个从句。嗯，就是我刚说的意思。

但如果这样来看这个句子That educators have not anticipated thr impact of microcomputer technology can hardly be said to be at fault
黄色部分是that引导的主语从句，这样，2个谓语动词倒也不矛盾
我这样看这个句子，主干有了，谓语宾语有了，明明觉得很完整，不知道og为什么还说不完整


关于it的指代，谢谢姐姐~~懂啦
it

babybearmm

黄色部分不能充当主语从句
That educators have not anticipated thr impact of microcomputer technology
因为这里的主干：educators have not anticipated impact
主谓宾是齐全的

如果要让它当主语从句，要改为：
The educators who have not anticipated thr impact of microcomputer technology
这样整个这部分只有唯一的中心词——educators，来充当全句的主语。这样才能算主语从句。

但如果这样来看这个句子That educators have not anticipated thr impact of microcomputer technology can hardly be said to be at fault
黄色部分是that引导的主语从句，这样，2个谓语动词倒也不矛盾
我这样看这个句子，主干有了，谓语宾语有了，明明觉得很完整，不知道og为什么还说不完整


关于it的指代，谢谢姐姐~~懂啦
it

-- by 会员 Suri在奋斗 (2012/2/1 10:04:19)

Suri在奋斗

不对呢，看一个句子是什么作用要看句子在一整个句子中做什么成分，比如定语从句，因为是修饰所修饰的名词，所以充当一个形容词的成分，姐姐举得那个例子
The educators who have not anticipated thr impact of microcomputer technology
这句话还是个定语从句，因为who····s是来修饰educators，说明educators是什么是educators在这个定语从句里面充当了主语~~~假如我们知道educators是谁，把who从句去掉就成了the educators不是一个句子

在百度百科里面搜了几个概念

主语从句
常规主语从句，即句子在复合句中充当一个主语 　　主语从句的时态：不受主句的时态影响和限制。 　　（1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprisedus all. 　　（2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown. 　　（3）Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet. 　　（4） Whom we must study for is a question of great importance. 　　（5）What caused the accident remains unknown. 　　（6）Whatever you did is right. 　　（7）Who the watch belongs to was lost is unknown. 　　（8）What we need is time. 　　（9）What we need are good doctors. 　　小结: 　　（1)引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等 　　（2)连词位于句首不能省略 　　（3)主语从句大多数情况下视为第三人称单数,但也有例外,如例（9）
上面用黄色标记的是一整个句子充当了主语，蓝色谓语，绿色宾语

第二部分
　　为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在句首位置，真正主语搁置于句末 　　（1）It is certain that he will win the match. 　　（2）It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry. 　　（3）It is very likely that they will hold a meeting. 　　（4）It is strange that he should do that. 　　（5）It is important that we all should attend the meeting. 　　（6）It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas. 　　（7）It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation. 　　（8）It is still a mystery what caused the accident. 　　（9）It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai) 　　（10）It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese. 　　（11）It is suggested that the work should be done with great care. 　　（12）It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there) 　　小结: 　　（1）为避免头重脚轻,常以形式主语it引导从句. It+形式主语谓语+从句. 　　（2）由于主语从句一般被认为是单数形式，形式主语的谓语 动词、be动词+表语 均为单数第三人称形式或过去式.


再看定语从句
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。




在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

babybearmm

谢谢suri~~我学到了
我确实说错了，中文语法没学好，反应不过来“主语从句”....

babybearmm

B) That educators have not anticipated the impact of microcomputer technology can hardly be said to be at fault.

这话，如果照suri dd的理解，前面那块儿是个主语从句，那么不能作为"be at fault"的逻辑主语(educators)，把"at fault"改成"their fault"，语法上就对了，然后剩下awkward的问题....