请教真题5－each

gemj

5.    For protection from the summer sun, the Mojave lived in open-sided, flat-topped dwellings known as shades, each a roof of poles and arrowweed supported by posts set in a rectangle.
(A) each a roof of poles and arrowweed
(B) each a roof of poles and arrowweed that are being
(C) with each being a roof of poles and arrowweed
(D) with roofs of poles and arrowweed to be
(E) with roofs of poles and arrowweed that are
B、C、D、E全错是没有问题的。但我觉得A中each后面好像省略了shade，没有shade在逻辑上不通，你不能说roof等于shade(dwellings)吧。与each有关的题目有下面的三道，其中与本题最相近并且高度类似的是223，它的结构就是：characters, each character a miniature calligraphic composition inside its own square frame。谁能告诉我真题5为何可以省略中心词shade？
17.    Under the restructuring, the huge organization that operates the company’s basic businesses will be divided into five groups, each with its own executive.
(A) each with its own executive
(B) all having their own executive
(C) each having their own executive
(D) with its own executive for each
(E) every one with an executive of their own
6.    Dr. Tonegawa won the Nobel Prize for discovering how the body can constantly change its genes to fashion a seeming unlimited number of antibodies, each specifically targeted at an invading microbe or foreign substance.
(A) seeming unlimited number of antibodies, each specifically targeted at
(B) seeming unlimited number of antibodies, each targeted specifically to
(C) seeming unlimited number of antibodies, all specifically targeted at
(D) seemingly unlimited number of antibodies, all of them targeted specifically to
(E) seemingly unlimited number of antibodies, each targeted specifically at
223.    Chinese, the most ancient of living writing systems, consists of tens of thousands of ideographic characters, each character a miniature calligraphic composition inside its own square frame.
(A) each character a miniature calligraphic composition inside its
(B) all the characters a miniature calligraphic composition inside their
(C) all the characters a miniature calligraphic composition inside its
(D) every character a miniature calligraphic composition inside their
(E) each character a miniature calligraphic composition inside their

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-9-10 18:11:49编辑过]

hwan

"Each" can be pronoun. You can correctly say:

".. characters, each character a miniature .. " --> " .. characters, EACH  a miniature..."

gemj

谢谢hwan妹妹。是的EACH是可以用作代词，可以指代each shade。现在的问题是在什么情况下省略，在什么时候写全了。还是说二者其实没有差异，完全是可以通用的？谁能再找几个例子？

gemj

找遍所有阅读和逻辑，再也没有找到与之相类似的结构，只有这几个不太相关的：
（each the size of Jupiter有点像，但再定晴一看，原来是插入成分，并非同位语（不知大家是否同意））

The gas apparently condenses into a collection of small stars, each a little larger than the planet Jupiter.

2.    The author uses the phrase “orthodox view of the universe” (line 3) to refer to the belief that
(A) the space between the galaxies is devoid of matter
(B) the space between galaxies is occupied by stars that cannot be detected by optical photographs
(C) galaxies have decreased in mass by half since their formation
(D) galaxies contain stars, each the size of Jupiter, which form clusters
(E) galaxies are being penetrated by gas forced out of other galaxies by supernova explosions.

Recent findings suggest that visual signals are fed into at least three separate processing systems in the brain, each with its own distinct function.

(E) It is now possible to construct typewriter and word-processing equipment in which a single keyboard can accommodate two or even more different keyboard layouts, each accessible to the operator at will.

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-9-10 23:02:28编辑过]

braveMBA

“，EACH ”的独立主格结构是可以省略后面的那个名词的。

sbbi

why E错是没有问题的? roof is part of dwelling

gemj

E之所以错，是因为我觉得“, with短语”的结构总是作句子的状语。从语法上说，如果它作定语修饰其前面的名词，那它为什么要用逗号与其修饰对象分开呢？（虽然我目前查找到的大量资料没有反例，但请各位进一步验证）
A的结构是each (shade) a roof of poles and arrowweed (supported by posts set in a rectangle)
的确，each (shade)与a roof of poles and arrowweed不是一回事，但是：
1）从逻辑上a roof of poles and arrowweed supported by posts set in a rectangle，也就是一个被四根柱子支撑起来的屋顶当然可以看作是一个shade。
2）更况且，这种房子是open-sided，也就是没有墙，更可以这么理解了。
请指正。

sbbi

I do not think “, with短语”的结构总是作句子的状语.用逗号是因为后面的一段太长了,而且"THAT"指代可能将会模糊.
look at OG 205
205. The peaks of a mountain range, acting like rocks in a streambed, produce ripples in the air flowing over them; the resulting flow pattern, with crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, are known as "standing waves."
(A)    crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, are
(B)    crests and troughs that remain stationary although they are formed by rapidly moving air, are
(C)    crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, is
(D)    stationary crests and troughs although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, are
(E)    stationary crests and troughs although they are formed by rapidly moving air, is

Answer C.

问题关键是怎么理解POLES.我认为是横放的竿子(like a fishing pole).而不是柱子.
如果pole是柱子,
１．和POST岂不用重了?
２．无法理解roof of poles，I do not think "roof of poles" means "roof with poles" or "roof supported by poles".
３．ARROWWEEDS的作用如何理解呢？

请指正．谢谢

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-9-26 8:25:58编辑过]

gemj

a roof of poles and arrowweed是指由横放着的、略向下倾斜的poles（杆子） 与 arrowweed（一种草）组成的屋顶（当然草是盖在杆子上的）。

sbbi

?