GWD18-41 哪位大侠帮忙看一下

prayer · 发表于 2007-11-19 18:47:00

以下是引用ilovecushi在2007-11-19 16:01:00的发言：

still confusing.. somebody can help please~

forest doing ... and doing.., a third of them.. have no verb

how about D, the verb of D is V+ ed ?

At the turn of the twentieth century, forest covering as much as 90 percent of Thailand and accommodating as many as 300,000 elephants, a third of them domesticated and performing various essential tasks.

covering as much as 90 percent of Thailand and accommodating as many as 300,000 elephants, a third of them
covering as much as 90 percent of Thailand accommodated as much as 300,000 elephants, and a third of them were
covered as much as 90 percent of Thailand and accommodated as much as 300,000 elephants, with a third
covered as much as 90 percent of Thailand and accommodated as many as 300,000 elephants, a third of them
covered as much as 90 percent of Thailand and accommodating as many as 300,000 elephants, with a third of them

首先主语是forest，时间状语是过去，所以谓语动词用covered，AB中的covering....elephants这部分前面有个forests，如果认为是做定语，那forests的谓语动词哪里去了？“，”后面又出现了主谓结构，所以A是不对的。CE后面的with独立主格结构使用错误，“，”后面的成分逻辑上是修饰大象的，但是with独立主格语法上要与主语存在紧密的逻辑关系，也就是说with修饰forests或者forests的动词covered，跟大象没有关系，所以错误。

只剩下答案D了。

ilovecushi · 发表于 2007-11-20 02:39:00

very clear~

thanks prayer's explain!

tangzimo · 发表于 2007-11-25 12:33:00

以下是引用viovio在2006-11-8 10:53:00的发言：

独立主格结构只能在句中做状语或者定语，在这里，都不成立。

如果做状语，them有指代forest之嫌，也不对

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

with独立主格结构是英语中一种重要的句法现象，在句子结构方面具有相对独立的特点。多年来也一直是命题的热点、重点，因此应该引起我们的高度重视。众所周知，with引导的独立主格结构非常活跃，虽然它在句子中只作状语，但是可以表示伴随、方式、原因、结果等各种复杂的情况。

现将with引导的独立主格结构总结如下。

一、句法结构

【结构一】 with ＋名词（代词）＋介词短语

例１ he sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand．

他手托下巴，坐在那儿沉思。

【结构二】 with ＋名词（代词）＋形容词

例２ he stared at his friend with his mouth wide open．

他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。

【结构三】with ＋名词（代词）＋副词

例３ with production up by 60％, the company has had another excellent year．

产量上升了60％, 公司又是一个好年景。

【结构四】 with ＋名词（代词）＋名词

例４ she used to sit reading in the evening with her pet dog her only companion．

她从前总爱在晚上坐着看书，她的宠物狗便是她唯一的伙伴。

【结构五】with ＋名词（代词）＋现在分词

例５ she stood there chatting with her friend, with her child playing beside her．

她站在那儿跟朋友闲聊，孩子在旁边玩。

【结构六】with ＋名词（代词）＋过去分词

; 例６“i think we can leave with our heads held high,” eriksson said．

“我认为我们可以高昂着头离开，”艾里克松说。

【结构七】with ＋名词（代词）＋不定式

例７ with 10 minutes to go, you’d better hurry．

还有十分钟，你最好快一点。

二、句法功能

【作状语】 with独立主格结构主要用作状语，可以表示伴随、方式、原因、时间等。

例８ with mary to help him, he is sure to succeed.

有玛丽的帮助，他一定能成功。

【作定语】主要是用作后置定语。

例９ the girl reached a river bank with so many flowers on both banks.

这个女孩来到了两岸开满鲜花的河边。

三、句法关系

【主表关系】主表关系这种关系主要是由with独立主格结构中的名词和其后的形容词、副词以及介词短语构成。

例１０ mother looked at me with tears in her eyes.

妈妈眼含泪水看着我。

【主谓关系】这种关系主要是由with独立主格结构中的名词和其后的现在分词构成。

例１１ with night coming on, we started for home.

夜幕降临，我们动身回家。

例１２ the boy lay on the grass, with his eyes looking at the sky.

小男孩躺在草地上，两眼望着天空。

【动宾关系】这种关系主要是由with独立主格结构中的名词和其后的过去分词及动词不定式构成的，前者表示“被动、完成”，后者表示“未做、待做”。

赞！

tangzimo · 发表于 2007-11-25 12:36:00

以下是引用UUHF在2005-11-20 18:28:00的发言：
D的最后一部分a third of them是elephants的同位语, 其它的都错了

什么啊

这不是独立主格吗？

tangzimo · 发表于 2007-11-25 12:50:00

以下是引用abort在2006-12-11 12:53:00的发言：
with的逻辑主语是句子主语，但是这里forest做with a third domesticated and performing various essential tasks.的主语显然不对。
e结构不对称呀

哪有什么逻辑主语的问题！

with结构后面本身就是一个完整的“句子”，只不过是要用独立主格形式与其他句子合成一句话，才变了样子。既然是一个完整的句子，哪还用什么逻辑主语。

看一下“逻辑主语”的概念：

逻辑主语是相对于语法主语而言的。逻辑主语这一概念主要用在非谓语动词（或称动词的非限定形式）上。非谓语动词包括：动词不定式、分词和动名词。

也就是说，某一成分本身没有主语（像过去分词、现在分词短语），才会有逻辑主语的问题。一个完整的句子要什么逻辑主语。

就像此题，a third of the elephants were domesticated and performed ...本来就是一句完整的话，只是因为要把这一句话与其他意思合成到一句话中，才出现了独立主格。本身就是一个句子，还什么逻辑主语。

tangzimo · 发表于 2007-11-25 12:58:00