请问一个关于which引导的非限制性定语从句的修饰问题

orpheus

请问在以下情况下：
X for Y，which
X of Y,which
X to Y,which
（X,Y均为名词性结构），我们知道，在这种情况下，X是核心成分，而Y多半为修实性成分。那么此时which引导的非限制性定语从句，是修饰其紧邻的Y呢，还是修饰这一结构的核心成分X呢？

按照我以前的知识，which从句是修饰Y的，但在OG的144题中：

164. The commission proposed that funding for the park's development, which could be open to the public early next year. is obtained through a local bond issue.

(A)    that funding for the park's development, which could be open to the public early next year, is

(B)    that funding for development of the park, which could be open to the public early next year, be

(C)    funding for the development of the park, perhaps open to the public early next year, to be

(D)    funds for the park's development, perhaps open to the public early next year, be

(E)    development funding for the park, which could be open to the public early next year, is to be

答案选B，因为which从句内容明显是应该修饰park的，因此其先行词应调整为park。从这里看来，似乎which从句所修饰的对象应该是其紧邻的词。

然而在对E的解释中，OG又说：Choice E, which seriously distorts meaning, says that the commission proposed development funding and that such funding could be open to the public ..根据这个解释，which从句又变成了修饰development funding。我也因此被搞糊涂了，希望大家解惑。因为这是个基本问题，和此相关，在OG中我还有一道题产生了迷惑，希望能够一起搞明白。

先多谢各位了！~~

ios

funding for the park 是修饰development的定语，which修饰development

braveMBA

我的观点：
1、优先就近修饰
2、降低采用WHICH从句修饰问题的优先级，先考虑其他的语法点
3、从整体结构上考虑，ETS似乎钟情于这样的表达，A of B, which/who/where....., BE/DO的形式，而此时的从句多修饰B，你可以注意一下OG中的其他句子，很多的这样的形式。这是ETS喜欢的形式。

joywzy

同意braveMBA　GG的意见！

这是难点，我也把握不好。不知哪位有更好的解释？谢谢。

orpheus

以下是引用braveMBA在2003-9-6 10:54:00的发言：
我的观点：
1、优先就近修饰
2、降低采用WHICH从句修饰问题的优先级，先考虑其他的语法点
3、从整体结构上考虑，ETS似乎钟情于这样的表达，A of B, which/who/where....., BE/DO的形式，而此时的从句多修饰B，你可以注意一下OG中的其他句子，很多的这样的形式。这是ETS喜欢的形式。

brave兄，的确我也发现了在og中，还存在不少A of B, which的结构，也确实在大多数情况下，which从句是优先修饰紧邻的B的。而且这和我一直以来对这个语法点的认识是一致的，所以也并不觉得有什么理解上的困难。但是在一些题目中，往往which从句，在这些题目中还是一个判定答案的重要因素时，却又产生了和这个结构矛盾的用法，这就让人觉得很困惑。我上面举的例子是一道，还有一道：

119. Executives and federal officials say that the use of crack and cocaine is growing rapidly among workers, significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already are a cost to business of more than $100 billion a year.

(A)    significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already are a cost to business of

(B)    significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already cost business

(C)    significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, already with business costs of

(D)    significant in compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, and already costing business

(E)    significant in compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, and already costs business

这道题我当初做的时候，就感觉很矛盾。DE当然很好排除。而AB呢，因为我们知道which从句只能修是某个词，而不能修饰整句话的内容，因此当时也被我排除了（说实话，我现在都觉得which从句的内容是针对前面的整个内容而言的）。剩下的C虽然读着也不太顺，但当时只剩下他了……

OG的答案是选B，在解释中又说：Choice B, the best answer, uses clear and concise phrasing to state that it is the effects of drug and alcohol abuse that already cost business the sum mentioned. 再次声称which从句是修饰effects而非其所紧邻的abuse。当然修饰effects在逻辑上还算说得过去（虽然我还是觉得修饰前面两句话的整体内容更合逻辑）。但在语法上就又出现了我提的那个问题！

其实现在咱们想法差不多，我判断答案时，也在降低which从句的优先级。但毕竟这是一个基本问题，概念不清的话总是让人觉得不踏实，而且万一考试时需要用它做出判断，比如遇到类似这两道题的题目，那岂非就大大的不妙了~~~

joywzy

这题的which is mofidied to the effects .

In addtion , we shall consider the usage of cost , that is , A cost B in C. The cost as verb is more effective as that used as noun.

orpheus

以下是引用joywzy在2003-9-6 22:05:00的发言：

In addtion , we shall consider the usage of cost , that is , A cost B in C. The cost as verb is more effective as that used as noun.

对，这是对的。这也是我当时读C总觉得不顺，从而第二遍能坚决把它排除的原因

braveMBA

{因为我们知道which从句只能修是某个词，而不能修饰整句话的内容}

在这道题里WHICH并不是在修饰整句话的内容，因为前面的内容也不是一句话，而是JOY说的EFFECTS。所以我觉得还是那个方法，不要一上来先考虑WHICH的问题，容易被排除掉。这题COST的用法排除是个很好的方法。

gossiptony

choice b is‘。。。，which cost a business。。。’here we choose b is because ' abuse' is a singluar n. and cost matches. so effects is modified by which. do you think so?