【揽瓜阁语法打卡小分队】Day5

vestofmmw

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vestofmmw

# 揽瓜阁语法day5
Day5
1.(181)The number of people flying first class on domestic flights rose sharply in 1990, _doubling the increase of_ the previous year.  
A.doubling the increase of
B.doubling that of the increase in
C.double as much as the increase of
D.twice as many as the increase in   
E.twice as many as the increase of
B

2.(182)The organic food industry has organized a successful grassroots campaign— *using Web sites, public meetings, and also mass mailings—that have convinced*_ the Department of Agriculture to change the proposed federal regulations for organically grown food.
A.using Web sites, public meetings, and also mass mailings—that have convinced
campaign 单数…that has，and also不简洁
B.using Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—that has convinced
C.by using Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—in convincing
D.by the use of Web sites, public meetings, as well as mass mailings—that convinced
E.which used Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—in convincing
B

3.(183)Despite recent increases in sales and cash flow that have propelled automobile companies’ common stocks to new highs, several industry analysts expect automakers, in order to conserve cash, _to set dividends more conservatively than they were_
A.to set dividends more conservatively than they were
B.to set dividends more conservatively than they have been
C.to be more conservative than they have been in setting dividends
D.that they will be more conservative than they were in setting dividends
E.that they will be more conservative than they have been to set dividends
expect automakers,+ that… 不对，排除DE
A?B?

lastchance2010

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lastchance2010

Day5 DCC (计时做)（BCC  慢思考的时候选的B, 记时做得时候选得D, 花了很多时间，在B 和D 之间纠结，还是知识点不扎实) C (慢思考得时候选E, 还是要注意语义，记时间做的时候太注重语法了， 没考虑语义)C

T7willG700

⚠️：
1. 解释都来自Ron
2. 我只搬运了我不懂的地方，如果你觉得有用but没有解决你不懂的地方，比如为什么that错
指路：https://www.manhattanprep.com/gmat/forums/the-number-of-people-flying-first-t5600-60.html

1.(181)The number of people flying first class on domestic flights rose sharply in 1990, doubling the increase of the previous year.  
A.doubling the increase of
B.doubling that of the increase in
C.double as much as the increase of
D.twice as many as the increase in   
E.twice as many as the increase of


why twice as many as ❌
1. as many as 和 increase【uncountable】incompatible
if you say "twice as many", then this construction should be paired with a countable noun.
e.g., twice as many dogs --> "dogs" is a countable noun

if you said "twice as much", then this construction should be paired with an uncountable noun.
e.g., twice as much water --> "water" is an uncountable noun

if the noun in question is already an explicitly numerical quantity, then you should use neither "much" nor "many". instead, you should just use "twice" or "double" by itself.
e.g., twice the increase --> "increase" is an explicitly numerical quantity

these rules are followed pretty closely.
so, for instance:
twice as much water --> correct, since "water" is an uncountable noun (but is not an explicitly numerical quantity)
twice the water... --> incorrect, since water is not a numerical quantity

twice as much as the increase... --> incorrect; redundant
twice the increase... --> correct


2. twice as many as should be used as appositive
because that's an appositive modifier.
appositives must modify some noun that comes IMMEDIATELY before the comma【该点存疑，但是appositive必须modify noun是没错的】

if you're going to say COMMA + "twice as many as...", then that's incorrect unless there's actually a quantity in front of the comma.
e.g.
last year i read 40 books, twice as many as i read in the preceding year
--> correct
last year the number of books i read increased dramatically, twice as many as i read in the preceding year
--> incorrect

by contrast, the -ING FOLLOWED BY A COMMA modifies the entire action of the preceding clause. this is exactly what you want to happen, because the actual rising of the # of people flying first class is what "doubled the increase of...". there's no noun in there that pinpoints this concept, so you have to use a modifier that modifies the entire clause.
为什么说存疑？
usage of同位语appositive modifier

1. "COMMA + ABSTRACT NOUN" can be used to refer back to the WHOLE IDEA of the preceding clause
2. "COMMA + CONCRETE NOUN" is normally used to refer to the preceding noun (much like "which").
3. "COMMA + CONCRETE NOUN" 还可以指代前面句子中的embedded concrete noun
⚠️an example of APPOSITIVE using embedded CONCRETE noun
A group of paleontologists recently announced that a site in Utah has yielded fossils of some of the biggest armoured dinosaurs ever found, fossils that are at least 25 million years older than those of any similar dinosaur type found in North America. (appositive)

increase in V.S. increase of
"the increase in X" means that X itself has increased. therefore, "the increase in the previous year" doesn't make sense, because the implication would be that the previous year itself had increased (what would that possibly mean?).

"the increase of TIME PERIOD", by contrast, means exactly what it should mean in this particular instance.

T7willG700

2.(182)The organic food industry has organized a successful grassroots campaign—using Web sites, public meetings, and also mass mailings—that have convinced the Department of Agriculture to change the proposed federal regulations for organically grown food.
A.using Web sites, public meetings, and also mass mailings—that have convinced
B.using Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—that has convinced
C.by using Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—in convincing
D.by the use of Web sites, public meetings, as well as mass mailings—that convinced
E.which used Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—in convincing

1. A, B, and C 排除 AD
2. E which, which modify immediately preceding noun, sounds like campaign itself use website 应该是industry use.. 根据以下Ron的分析，我排除E的原因不对，就是campaign itself use website not industry $%$¥*@@&……'
3. B，C抉择，错选C

why C ❌

the problem with (c) is NOT grammatical; the grammar of (c) is just fine.
the problem with (c) is that it uses two different transitions incorrectly.

1. if you say "subject + clause + BY VERBing",
then "by VERBing" must explain HOW the main clause occurred.
e.g.
i prepared for the test by reviewing takeaways on the MGMAT forums.
note that the boldface clause describes HOW i prepared for the test.

choice (c) means that using websites, etc. was how the industry organized the campaign -- in other words, they used the websites and public meetings to organize the campaign in the first place. that's an incorrect meaning.

(the campaign ITSELF used these things; the correct modifier in (a) and (b) shows that relationship.)

* if you say "subject + clause + IN VERBing", then subject + clause must be an ACTUAL PART of the action of VERBing.
e.g.
i solved all the problems in OG12 in preparing for the GMAT.
--> notice that solving the problems IS ACTUALLY PART OF preparing for the test.

choice (c) fails here, too, since organizing the campaign (the main clause) is not ACTUALLY PART OF convincing the government

有人问出我想问的问题
Q: I think the action of organizing the campaign is part of action of convincing the government. It sounds like, in order to convince the government, the industry organize the campaign.

Ron:
note your (correct) use of "in order to"——a phrase that implies that something was done to enable something else to be done subsequently.
in other words, if "in order to ___" means something, then "in ___ing" will mean something totally different (and vice versa). given a specific intended meaning, they're mutually exclusive.

most commonly, one of the two will be nonsense. if both are sensible, their meanings will be substantially different.
- 例1
I began to telecommute【远程办公】 in order to take care of my aging father.
(makes sense)

*I began to telecommute in taking care of my aging father.
(nonsense——telecommuting is not a part of caring for elders)

- 例2
I learned a great deal about human adrenergic receptors in order to study the chemistry and effects of drug X.
(makes sense, if the intended meaning is "to prepare for my studies of drug x, i learned a bunch of stuff about those receptors")

I learned a great deal about human adrenergic receptors in studying the chemistry and effects of drug X.
(also makes sense, but with a different meaning: "during my studies, i learned lots of new things about adrenergic receptors")

错因：恶心死人的meaning 判断
如果到这里还没懂，good news：你不会考场上遇到同样的meaning split
把以上捋一下，捋清楚的takeaway带走，实在判断不出来到底是industry还是campaign use those fking stuffs，你管他呢，时间留给其他题目不香吗

T7willG700

3.(183)Despite recent increases in sales and cash flow that have propelled automobile companies' common stocks to new highs, several industry analysts expect automakers, in order to conserve cash, to set dividends more conservatively than they were
A.to set dividends more conservatively than they were
B.to set dividends more conservatively than they have been
C.to be more conservative than they have been in setting dividends
D.that they will be more conservative than they were in setting dividends
E.that they will be more conservative than they have been to set dividends

黑框旻

看一下！               

你板凳倒了

同意！               

你板凳倒了

A
C。正确答案是B。C中in convincing不作定语作状语，改变原文含义【额虽然我就是这么想的】
B。正确答案是C。B中than前面没有be动词！！！不要自己脑补一个出来！！