|
这次awa作文5.5分，考虑到本人issue功力有限，那估计argument应该是6分了吧，下面是我精心制作的模版，希望能给cd的xdjm们一些帮助。
Argument
Opening
In this argument, the author comes to the conclusion/ recommendation that… In order to substantiate his conclusion, the author cites as evidence the fact that… In addition, he reasons that…Further more, he takes it for granted/ assumes that… However, the argument is unconvincing as it suffers from several critical fallacies.
gratuitous assumption/ causal oversimplification
The author falsely depends on gratuitous assumption that… Yet, no evidence is mentioned in the argument to buttress this assumption. There may be some other factors that the author fails to take into consideration contributing to the result that…It can be sth. that leads to this consequence. It is also likely that…turns to be responsible. Any of these scenarios, if true, would give rise to…Thus, this argument is groundless unless the possible factors other than the… are ruled out.
Fallacy of post hoc, ergo propter hoc
The argument commits a logic fallacy of “after this, therefore because of this” by assuming that there is a causal relationship between A and B. Under no circumstance can the mere fact that… be cited as evidence to support this assumption. Moreover, the statistical correlation between B and A is not sufficient enough to prove that A is the cause of B. In fact, the author may have neglected some other possible causes /facts, such as…. Unless the author rules out other factors relevant to …, this assumption will remain short of legitimacy.
Insufficient sample/hasty generalization
Failing to provide sufficient evidence to sustain the conclusion, the author carelessly commits a fallacy of hasty generalization. Rarely is just one example logically sound to establish a general conclusion (The statistics from only a few recent years are not necessarily a good indicator of future trends), unless it can be shown that A1 is representative of all A. Nevertheless it is possible that.... In fact, with such limited evidence, the conclusion that B is completely unwarranted.
a false analogy
The argument has committed a false analogy fallacy. It rests on the assumption that A is analogous to B in all respects. As it is, although A and B have something apparent in common, say ... and ..., they may possess a great many of differences which far outweigh their limited similarities. For example, A … while B…. Therefore, it is highly doubtful to simply claim that…
survey is doubtful
The conclusion unjustifiably relies on the poll that is too vague to be informative. The claim does not indicate when, how and by whom the survey is conducted, neither does it mention what is the sample size, or how the samples are selected. It is possible that…, which jeopardizes the validity of the poll. Obviously, with these questions unanswered, the author cannot safely reach the conclusion of the argument.
Either-Or choice/false dilemma
The author commits a fallacy of false dilemma by unfairly assuming that AA and BB are mutually exclusive alternatives and there is no room for a middle ground. However, no reason for imposing an either-or choice has yet been provided. From common sense, we know that a better result will emerge when both AA and BB are adopted, since…
all things are equal
The author commits the fallacy that all things are equal. Based on the fact that A happened two years ago, the author cannot safely draw a conclusion that.... The author assumes without justification that the background conditions/economic climates have remained unchanged at different times or at different locations, which is usually not the case. Since the author fails to make it clear in this argument whether the current conditions at AA are the same as they used to be two years ago, the line of reasoning is seriously flawed.
one-sidedness
the argument suffers from a fallacy of one-sidedness, as the author only mentions the advantages of A but the disadvantages of B in certain respects. However, since everything has its pros and cons, a comparison only between one thing’s merits and another thing’s demerits cannot lead us to the convincing conclusion. The author may deliberately do so in order to emphasize A’s strong point and make a delusion that A is better than B on the whole, while actually this may not be true.
Ending
To sum up, the conclusion, as it stands, lacks credibility because the evidence cited in the argument does not lend strong support to the assumptions. To solidify the argument, it is highly recommended that the author …With such improvement successfully made, this argument will grow far more convincing.
| 
京公网安备11010202008513号 京ICP证101109号 京ICP备12012021号
发表于 2005-10-24 15:48:00
