【揽瓜阁 外刊精读7.0】Day9 2021.04.20【自然科学-生物、天文】

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  揽瓜阁俱乐部第七期

  Day9 2021.04.20

【自然科学-生物】Where a rodent lives may determine how clever it is

(经济学人-326字 短精读)

Aesop’s fable about the town mouse and the country mouse concentrates on the dangers of city living and rather sneers at its advantages. Yet advantages there are, for mice and men alike, as long as those involved are able to grasp them. That, though, requires an ability to respond successfully to novel problems. So a pair of researchers in Germany have looked to see whether urban mice are better at doing this than rural ones. Their conclusion, just published in Animal Behaviour, is that they are.

Valeria Mazza of the University of Potsdam and Anja Guenther of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, in Plön, captured 17 striped field mice from farmland and 14 others from various places in central Berlin. They kept these animals in a laboratory for a year, to acclimatise them, and then challenged them with various tasks which, if performed successfully, would yield a reward of food. Tasks included opening the window panes of a house made of Lego bricks; opening the lid of a Petri dish; and yanking out a wad of paper jammed inside a clear plastic tube. As a control, all the mice were also given a naturalistic task that involved digging through a heap of bedding to find a reward.

Both groups seemed equally eager to participate in the tasks, but the urban mice were better at solving the novel ones. They had a 77% success rate, to the rural mice’s 52%. When it came to the control task, though, both were equally good, solving it 85% and 88% of the time respectively.

The researchers’ next object of investigation is whether the urban mice had learned their smarts prior to their incarceration, or had inherited them, suggesting they were the product of natural selection acting on their city-dwelling ancestors. This will involve raising mouse pups from the two populations in identical laboratory conditions. Dr Mazza and Dr Guenther hope to have the answer later this year.

【自然科学-天文】 Red Shift

（ WSY -577 字 长精读）

【笔记格式要求】

同学们精读这 2 篇文章并进行笔记打卡

精读笔记格式要求：

1.总结文章中心大意

2.总结分论点或每段段落大意

3.摘抄印象深刻或者觉得优美的句子

4.总结文章中的生词

5.记录阅读时间、总结时间、总时间

这里也给大家三点学习小建议哦~

精读：如遇到读不懂的复杂句，建议找出句子主干，分析句子成分，也可以尝试翻译句子来帮助理解~

Alex_xuan

倒数第二天啦 坚持~

飞跃重洋2017

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狒狒小姐

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Jack.Lu

where a rodent lives may determine how clever it is

1，主旨老鼠的居住地，决定了他们的智商


2，段落
P1：引入话题，城里老鼠确实比乡下老鼠聪明
P2-3：城里老鼠更擅长解决新问题，在一些control task，两者差不多
P4:研究人员的下个目标：研究后代是否遗传或者从先辈学习

3，生词
aesop's fables:伊索寓言
sneer at：嘲笑
acclimatise：vi. （英）适应；习惯（等于acclimatize）
pane：n. 窗格；边；面；窗格玻璃；嵌板

           vt. 装窗玻璃于；镶嵌板于

lid：n. 盖子；眼睑；限制

       vt. 给…盖盖子

yank：vi. 猛地一拉

           vt. 猛拉

           n. 突然的猛拉

a wad of：一捆

jamme：阻塞

4，句子
They kept these animals in a laboratory for a year, to acclimatise them, and then challenged them with various tasks which, if performed successfully, would yield a reward of food.
5，时间
4m,15m，19m


RED Shift

1，主旨
红移对宇宙起源、命运研究的意义


2，段落
P1-2：移动对宇宙的起源以及本质有重要的研究价值，开始认为，星系实在各个时空碎片上膨胀，实际上是星系自己在膨胀，帮助解释宇宙的本质。
P2-4：红移的起源，作用以及影响

3，生词
imprinted：adj. 印花的；盖印的

                  v. 压印（imprint的过去分词）；刻上记号；盖印

constituent：n. 成分；选民；委托人

                    adj. 构成的；选举的；有任命（或选举）权的；立宪的；有宪法制定（或修改）权的

recede：vi. 后退；减弱

                vt. 撤回

at rest：静止；休息；安眠

with respect to：关于；至于

texture：n. 质地；纹理；结构；本质，实质

               vt. 使具有浮凸纹理；使质地不平

clump：n. 丛；笨重的脚步声；土块

              vi. 形成一丛；以沉重的步子行走

                vt. 使成一丛；使凝结成块

unimaginably：adv. 不能想像地；难以理解地

cosmological：adj. 宇宙论的；宇宙哲学的

galactic：adj. 银河的；乳汁的

displacement：n. 取代，位移；[船] 排水量

copernican：adj. 哥白尼的；哥白尼学说的

geocentric：adj. 以地球为中心的；由地心开始测量的

general relativity：相对] 广义相对论；一般相对论

dilation：n. 扩张，扩大；膨胀；详述

seize：vt. 抓住；夺取；理解；逮捕

            vi. 抓住；利用；（机器）卡住

recalcitrant：adj. 反抗的；反对的；顽强的

                    n. 顽抗者；不服从的人

unleash：v. 发泄；（使）爆发；放开，解除束缚

4，句子
By including a term that described a dilation of time with increasing distance, the  analysis gave rise to red shifts that increased for more distant galaxies, even without relative motion.

5，时间
6m，40m,46m

zcling

开始寻找大佬关于第二篇的笔记
我早该知道的，第一篇那么简单第二篇就有坑！！！

塔塔Thanos

https://mubu.com/doc/17mULBpHopQ
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LouisTan

420打卡

N0ire

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鼠犹如此，学区房能不涨价吗？

Gsbdjxbc

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