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[阅读小分队] 揽瓜阁做题小分队 第3天 员工持股

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发表于 2021-4-2 17:29:31 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
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1. 文章大概结构
2. 自己写的答案


United States corporations seeking to improve productivity have largely relied on cost-cutting measures such as downsizing and outsourcing—replacing in-house labor with less expensive outside contractors or temporary workers—resulting in the erosion of workers' benefits and job security. But these measures appear to have been less successful than anticipated. Recent research has shown, for example, that manufacturing plants in which productivity increased but employment decreased accounted for just slightly more of the total increase in productivity from 1977 to 1987 than did successful "upsizers"—plants in which both productivity and employment increased. Studies of firms that have cut back their workforces since 1990 found that fewer than half raised profits and only a third increased productivity. Approximately 40 percent of executives at companies surveyed were unhappy with the results of their cost-cutting measures, and the surveys showed that productivity improvements from measures like downsizing may simply be limited because of their impact on company morale and the proportion of workers who subsequently leave the company. The remaining workers are often susceptible to burnout from increased workloads, particularly in periods of growth; such burnout may explain why the shares of firms that downsize outperform the stock market in the first six months, but tend to underperform after three years.

Recently, some corporations have begun implementing an alternative to downsizing in order to boost productivity: a new kind of corporate culture in which the interests of managers, shareholders, and workers are closely and deliberately linked through such devices as profit sharing and employee stock-ownership plans. These "collaborative" methods give employees increased decision-making responsibilities and link their compensation to performance. In many cases, workers are also given assurances that layoffs will be used only as a last resort; without such assurances, workers will be less likely to support labor-saving improvements. In the relatively small number of companies in which such measures have been tried, employees tend to be happier, more productive, and better paid. Despite their advantages, such arrangements are often difficult to implement, however. Not only must the workforce be reeducated, but managers must be persuaded to accept diminished authority, obstacles that may explain why many firms have instead relied on downsizing and outsourcing to boost productivity.

1. The passage suggests which of the following about employees in companies that implement collaborative methods?
A. Such employees are productive because they have a stake in the company's success.
B. Such employees' initial unfamiliarity with collaborative methods may make them reluctant to implement these methods.
C. Great decision-making responsibility is more likely to increase the productivity of such employees than is profit-sharing.
D. Such employees have high morale because they are assured that they will never lose their jobs.
E. Such employees often experience burnout because they are required to take on increased decision-making responsibilities.

2. According to the passage, research indicates which of the following about companies that have downsized since 1990?
A. They have been less successful at increasing productivity than have companies that downsized between 1977 and 1987.
B. They have tended to offer employees less desirable benefits packages than did companies that downsized prior to 1960.
C. The majority of them did not increase profits.
D. The majority of them tend to underperform in the stock market within a year after downsizing.
E. The executives at the majority of such companies have been satisfied with the results.

3. According to the passage, which of the following is true of labor-saving improvements in companies using collaborative methods?
A. Such improvements are more likely to achieve cost-saving benefits than are labor-saving improvements in companies that downsize.
B. Such improvements can help companies cut costs but tend to diminish employees' decision-making responsibilities.
C. Such improvements often have a negative effect on employees' morale even when employees have been reeducated.
D. Such improvements are more likely to be supported by employees who have confidence in their job security.
E. Such improvements are usually initiated by employees rather than by managers.

4. Which of the following best describes the function of the second paragraph?
A. It identifies weaknesses of an approach to solving a problem discussed in the first paragraph.
B. It explains why one method of achieving a goal has rarely been implemented despite certain advantages inherent in that method.
C. It presents a method that has the potential to be more successful than the method described in the first paragraph.
D. It describes the conditions under which a method of solving a problem is likely to be most successful.
E. It compares the effect on employees of two different methods of achieving a goal.




参考答案,做完才看 :)
BCDB


发表于 2021-4-2 17:58:10 | 显示全部楼层
提出一个达成目标的方法不如预期成功,并解释原因->提出一个alternative的方法,解释为什么这个方案有用以及这个方案的局限性
acdc
发表于 2021-4-2 18:03:59 | 显示全部楼层
BCEC
9min
Point out that the downsizing does not usually reach the goal of productivity improvement and sometimes has side-effect.
introduce another method to boost productivity with both benefits and obstacle of it.
发表于 2021-4-2 18:37:30 | 显示全部楼层
6m30s
主旨:论企业减人增效的正确方法
P1: 提出传统做法及其成效:减少基层人员或引入低成本的外包,但效率和利润提升有限并愈发有限;
P2: 提出一种新的做法及其影响:对基层员工赋权赋能,引入绩效,同时保证最大程度避免裁员,小范围试验表明效率、利润和员工薪水三赢;但推行中可能受到管理层的阻力。

ACDC
发表于 2021-4-2 19:04:05 | 显示全部楼层
ACDC

发表于 2021-4-2 19:11:13 | 显示全部楼层
谢谢楼主
发表于 2021-4-2 20:27:54 | 显示全部楼层
ABDC
用时9分钟
文章结构:
1. 美国公司惯用的增效办法非常依赖于降低成本,例如裁员和外包。数据显示1990年以来,裁员的公司中不到一半有盈利增长,不到三分之一达到增效的目的。而且员工不开心,容易离职,经常加班。这或许可以解释裁员后的公司6个月内股价上升,但是3年之后就不行了。
2. 近年来有些公司尝试了新办法,共享收益和员工持股计划。 小样本显示员工更开心、更有效、赚更多的钱。但是这样的新办法有些不容易实施,正因为这些困难导致公司更倾向于采取裁员的办法。
发表于 2021-4-2 20:34:31 | 显示全部楼层
P1 老方法裁员以及后果和负面结果原因
P2 新的solution以及优缺点
ACDC
发表于 2021-4-2 20:47:02 发自手机 Web 版 | 显示全部楼层
CCEC
第一段讲述外包精简人力并没有让公司进步反而恶化
第二段将一个新的方法让员工更有决定跟责任促进了公司进步
发表于 2021-4-2 20:58:03 | 显示全部楼层
ACDB

主旨:主要讲美国公司为寻求增加产能而实施的两种策略:降低成本&给员工分配股份,并分析了两种方法的优劣势。

第一段:裁员外包以降低公司运营成本的劣势
第二段:给员工分配股份的优势,以及最后总结了尽管该方法有优点,但是还是有很多公司坚持第一种策略来提高公司产能。
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