求大神~~~~关于独立主格和同位语的一个迷惑

mushroomhahah

求各路大佬帮帮我这个学渣吧呜呜呜呜，我有两个关于独立主格和同位语的问题希望大家可以帮帮我~~

1. The state has proposed new rules that would set minimum staffing levels for nurses, rules intended to ensure that at least one nurse is assigned for every four patients put through triage in a hospital emergency room.

A.rules intended to ensure that at least one nurse is assigned for every four patients put through triage in a hospital emergency room

B.rules with the intent of ensuring one nurse at least to be assigned for every four patients to be put through triage in a hospital emergency room

C.rules intending to ensure at least one nurse is assigned for every four patients in a hospital emergency room put through triage

D.with the intent of ensuring that at least one nurse should be assigned for every four patients in a hospital emergency room that are put through triage

E.and this is intended to ensure one nurse at least to be assigned for every four patients put through triage in a hospital emergency room

第一，我的疑惑是，A这里rule intended是同位语，我明白intended做过去分词修饰rule，那么后面的不定式to do又是具体在这个同位语当中做了什么成分呢？

2. On account of a law passed in 1933, making it a crime punishable by imprisonment that a United States citizen hold gold in the form of bullion or coins, immigrants  found that on arrival in the United States they had to surrender all of the gold they had brought with them.

A.On account of a law passed in 1933, making it a crime punishable by imprisonment that a United States citizen hold

B.With a law passed in 1933 that makes it a crime punishable by imprisonment that a United States citizen hold

C.A law passed in 1933 that made it a crime punishable by imprisonment for a United States citizen holding

D.Because of a law passed in 1933 making it a crime punishable by imprisonment for a United States citizen to hold

E.Due to a law being passed in 1933 that makes it a crime punishable by imprisonment for a United States citizen to hold

第二，我还想请教以下大家这道题的C，我看很多人说C这里A law passed in 1933 that made it a crime punishable by imprisonment for a United States citizen holding做的是独立主格/同位语，我觉有些迷惑，

（1)当做独立主格时，此时符合独立主格其中一种——noun+过去分词，那么此时这个that从句又是在独立结构里面做什么呢？

（2）当做同位语时，此时的我可不可以理解成passed和that从句做定语修饰law呢？

谢谢大家了呜呜呜呜，想了好久

vera1989yin

真的不太懂，比你还差，唉，加油

5Day

抛砖引玉，共同探讨。

同位语是一个名词对另一个名词进行解释说明；独立主格的功能更多的相当于状语从句（但独立主格不是句子），为整个句子进行补充说明。

问题1：The state has proposed new "rules" that would set minimum staffing levels for nurses, ["rules" intended to ensure that at least one nurse is assigned for every four patients put through triage in a hospital emergency room.]
这里面引号部分是同位语，方括号部分是独立主格。intend to do sth 只是表达本要做某事，在这里用了一个that引导的宾语从句，取代了sth。intended 变成了过去分词，用来形容rules。因为这个结构是一个名词配一个动词过去分词，而不是时态一致的主谓宾句子结构，那这就不算做句子，而算作独立主格。其实第二个rules就是第一个rules的同位语，只不过这个同位语又被独立主格（和独立主格中所包含的宾语从句）所限定，于是也可以认为整个方括号内都是同位语。
随手举两个独立主格的例子：
1. Dog barking, he walked into the building. 狗在叫，他走进了大楼。dog（名词）+ barking（动词现在分词）构成了独立主格，用于补充整句的背景。完整的主谓宾/主系表句子结构则是Dog is barking.
2. Umbrella broken, he walked into the building wet. 雨伞坏了，他湿着走进了大楼.
再举一个同位语的例子。
He got the Academy Award, a recognition that all actors want. 这里a recognition 就是the Academy Award的同位语。

问题2. 第二题只是独立主格，不是同位语。因为A law 显然不是用来解释immigrants这个名词的，而是用来给整个句子补充说明（原因）的。passed 和that引导的定语从句，都用来修饰限定law。

mushroomhahah

5Day 发表于 2020-3-11 10:15
抛砖引玉，共同探讨。

同位语是一个名词对另一个名词进行解释说明；独立主格的功能更多的相当于状语从句（ ...

谢谢大佬~~~我终于想明白了

蟹黄味蚕豆

5Day 发表于 2020-3-11 10:15
抛砖引玉，共同探讨。

同位语是一个名词对另一个名词进行解释说明；独立主格的功能更多的相当于状语从句（ ...

好解析！但把方格内看成同位语可能不太恰当，毕竟同位语是noun modifier而独立主格是状语，成分功能不太一样。

Btw,第二题的OA确定是C嘛？感觉D好像更好？把独立主格直接放前面的用法，也很奇怪....

5Day

蟹黄味蚕豆 发表于 2020-3-19 11:29
好解析！但把方格内看成同位语可能不太恰当，毕竟同位语是noun modifier而独立主格是状语，成分功能不太 ...

你说的也有道理，我再想想。感谢感谢！

不好意思，第二题OA是D。但我原来的针对结构的解释应该也没问题。

cleanwater25

蟹黄味蚕豆 发表于 2020-3-20 00:29
好解析！但把方格内看成同位语可能不太恰当，毕竟同位语是noun modifier而独立主格是状语，成分功能不太 ...

请问OA是什么

cleanwater25

5Day 发表于 2020-3-11 10:15
抛砖引玉，共同探讨。

同位语是一个名词对另一个名词进行解释说明；独立主格的功能更多的相当于状语从句（ ...

可不可以解释一下这句话:

只不过这个同位语又被独立主格（和独立主格中所包含的宾语从句）所限定

蟹黄味蚕豆

cleanwater25 发表于 2020-3-29 10:18
请问OA是什么

OA 是D

cleanwater25

蟹黄味蚕豆 发表于 2020-3-29 13:26
OA 是D

我应该没问明白，我的问题是OA 是什么的简写