【求助】关于include的使用--从两道题目间的对比而产生的疑问。

姚大宝

NO1:
Sculpted boulders found at Lepenski Vir, an example of the earliest monumental art known from central and western Europe, includes 15 figures with human features similar to Upper Paleolithic forms and to Middle Eastern Nantufian stone figurines.

• A Vir, an example of the earliest monumental art known from central and western Europe, includes
• B Vir, examples of the earliest monumental art known from central and western Europe, include
• C Vir, earliest of monumental art known from central and western Europe, include
• D Vir are examples of the earliest monumental art known from central and western Europe and includes
• E Vir are examples of the earliest monumental art known from central and western Europe, including
  

NO2:
United States Senator Daniel Inouye was appointed to several posts within the Democratic party during his first term, that included assistant majority whip and vice-chair of the Democratic Senatorial Committee.

• A that included
• B which includes
• C including
• D some of which were
• E among them being
  

作为一个小学生，第一次刷PREP，碰见了题1，于是由题1学习到了关于include的用法：1，including是介词，非v-ing，故就近修饰前面的名词。2，此处到底修饰boulders还是examples不清晰。
后来又碰到了题2，因为记住了之前学到了知识点：including就近修饰前面的名词，所以果断选择了D，认为were很清晰的指向posts，不会有歧义，结果答案是C，那不是会有修饰不清的嫌疑吗?including到底修饰posts还是term。个人觉得还是对某个地方理解比较粗浅，导致此疑问。
故请NN们解惑，感激涕零！！

AlanHeeee

施主，回头是岸。方向错了
这不是一个总结知识点的考试，而且就算是总结，你这总结也太随便了...
修饰从来没有就近修饰一说，都是逻辑修饰。如果会产生歧义，那就放一起，如果不会产生歧义，不放一起也行。
第一题，因为后面的东西逻辑上只能包括在boulders里，所以include不加s，但这是动词啊，和including有毛的关系？

第二题including后面是一些职位，所以很明确的修饰了前面的posts，有什么歧义？

姚大宝

AlanHeeee 发表于 2019-8-11 16:21
施主，回头是岸。方向错了
这不是一个总结知识点的考试，而且就算是总结，你这总结也太随便了...
修饰从来 ...

感谢提点，虽然方向错了，但也及时修正了问题。
所以引起歧义的前提，必须是语义成立，比如常见的代词向前指代不清的问题，不知这样理解是否正确。这个“就近修饰”知识点是自己在kkk里看到的，于是便记下了，原来是错的。自己又查了一下including的用法： It modifies the preceding noun. ( it looks like a comm+ing modifier, but it did not work in this way)
它只是逻辑修饰名词，并不是像V-ing一样可以修饰句子，这样理解是否正确？
另外，还想讨教一下，题2中D选项如何排除呢？

AlanHeeee

你的问题说明你方向还是错的
去B站看看gwd的视频课吧

姚大宝

AlanHeeee 发表于 2019-8-12 12:30
你的问题说明你方向还是错的
去B站看看gwd的视频课吧

感觉是病入膏肓了。。

yanhuan0529

AlanHeeee 发表于 2019-8-11 16:21
施主，回头是岸。方向错了
这不是一个总结知识点的考试，而且就算是总结，你这总结也太随便了...
修饰从来 ...

请问第一题中的E 为什么错误啊

姚大宝

yanhuan0529 发表于 2019-11-7 04:57
请问第一题中的E 为什么错误啊

现在再看这道题，E明显改变了句子意思。其次，including的位置离它想修饰的名词太远了，中间还隔着examples,会有修饰不清的嫌疑。但我觉得最主要的原因是改变了句意。