SC outline-2

qxz9524

（三）    固定搭配
1．require的用法
require somebody to do something
require that + 虚拟语气省略should+do/be
require of somebody that +虚拟语气省略should+ do/be
一般答案选项中有省略should的虚拟语气为正确的选项。
2．Help用法
help somebody to do something
help (to do) something
helpful in doing
3．forbid和prohibit
forbid somebody to do something; forbid something
prohibit somebody from doing something; prohibit something
prohibit / forbid + that 错！
4．compare
compare A to B （把A比作B）
compare A with B (相同事物比较)
5．as 的固定搭配
begin as, depict as, regard as, perceive as, represent as, see as, be prizeless as, be acclaimed as, think of as, be seem as
6．consider
consider something ( 省略to be) something [正确答案的出现方式]
7．其他
at point; at pole; at equator;
aim at doing something
aid in doing sth
in that 标准书面英语，汉译为“原因体现在”。
act as
Because + 句子 ； because of +n.
more ancient 标准书面英语
be responsible for doing
possibility of doing
be necessary to do
depend on  + 名词/名词性从句  只能用whether
have sth done  让别人干
be native to
dispute over
permits doing
damage to
persuade sb to do sth
be in danger of doing sth
keep sb from sth
keep sth under control  ;  be in control of
attempt to do
target at..
descend from  来源于；  descendent of …
doing A, to do B, and doing C ;  to do A, doing B, and to do C;  B是要去做A 的结果
threaten（不及物） to do
cause sb to do
encourage sth  ; encourage  sb to do
the  –er (如more),  the  -er( more)…结构必须放在句首
believe sth to be sth.
Be credit with doing  ;  credit sb with doing
Be eslimated to be / do     it is aslimated that
A wide range of….
High / low rate
Someone….  形容词后置
Took turns doing 轮流做某事
It is likely  /  liable  that
Continue 表已经开始并不断持续  A不能用现在进行时continuing B不能用作复合时态
Ability of sb to do sth
The extent to which ;   to the extent that
Distinguish A from B  ;  distinguish between A and B
Allow so to do 允许  ；   allow that 承认
Look to 期盼指望  ； look at 看
Decide to do sth 决定做 ; decide that 认定，断定
Make sth sth  对；　make  sth adj 对 ;    make sth done 错!
Order sb to do sth ; order sth to be done. Should 省略; order that;  order sth点菜错！
Except 连接相同事物； except for 连接不同事物
Less 数量（可/不可数都可用）； lower  长度（通常不用）； fewer 修饰人
Adj n1+n2 adj 修饰n1和n2； n1+ adj n2  adj 只修饰n2
2002/ time(具体时间) +  when　；age in + which
attribute to 做介词
likelihood that 可能（固定搭配）；    likelihood to 错！
A seek support from B 意思为B support A  ;  A seek support of B 意思为A support B
on condition that + 虚拟语气
model after以……为模特
both… and…
表示客观的应当用should
食物过敏： food allergies ; an allergy to some… food
keep sth. under control
be/gain control of

（四）    虽然违反了Effectiveness有效性原则，但ETS把它当成Correctness来处理
1、违反了“忠实原文的意思”，一定错！
（1）极端性修饰词的位置改变了:
first, last, only you you only, typical, typically; more and more;
（2） 强烈语气表达要保持
如：
I don’t know a student in this room.≠ I don’t know any student in this room.
Not unlike = like it very much
Whatever = no matter what …
Whenever = no matter when
however, whatever, wherever, whenever  要看原题中有则有,原题中无则无，一定要与原题保持一致。
（3） 句子的强调重心发生彻底改变一定错！
把句子的主干改成从属成分，从属成分改成主干
（4） 把倒装句变成正常语序一定错！
作者使用倒装结构目的在于强调，因此A选项使用倒装结构,正确答案一定是A。
GMAT中的倒装句（一定要搞清主语在哪）有两种常见类型：
---介词在句首，状语+句子谓语动词+主语　（完全倒装）
---极端形容词或So放在句首




2、简洁原则
*语义重复一定错！
注意(rise, raise, grow, soaring, increase的使用而使语义重复的情况)
from…to…当中不能加up or down
opposition = against,    orbit = around,     annually = a year
by the name of = be known as,    with = include,   like = seem
superiority = over     withhold = disclosure

（五）    对称性问题
对称结构的常考连词：
but            or
either…or…    not only…but also…(also 有时省略)
neither…nor…    not…but…(优选结构)
from…to…    …as well as…
as…as…
…rather than…(如果前面有不定式的话，后面不定                                                         
式往往被省略)

and, but, not only……but also(also 有时省略)，
or，nor，either……or，neither……nor，as well as，
rather …than(如果前面有不定式的话，后面不定式往往被省略)，
not……but(优选结构)，from……to，as…as…

1．省略问题
*当前后两个问题对称时，后半句的be动词可能被省略，to do and do something, to可以省略；如发现一个选项有意省略‘to’或被动词，则很有可能是正确答案。
to do A，to do B，to do C，to do D，and to do E
to do A，do B，do C，do D，and do E
注 意：CAN与TO 一样，要么全有，要么全省