快考试了，有两个知识点求解答

MayCc

① 先行词+插入语+修饰 会很awkward吗

About5 million acres in the United States have been invaded by leafy spurge, a herbaceous plant from Eurasia, with milky sap, that gives mouth sores to cattle and displaces grassesand other cattle food, rendering rangeland worthless. 这句话是对的

但是我记得ron好像说中间有长长的修饰很不好···难道是which不是that····

②including是就近还是随意跳

MostEuropean countries offer a variety of programs toassist working parents, including paid maternityand paternity leaves, financial allowances for families with children, andsubsidized public nurseries and kindergartens. 跳跃

Astudy by the Ocean Wildlife Campaign urged states to undertake a number of remedies to reverse adecline in the shark population, includingestablishing size limits for shark catches, closing state waters forshark fishing during pupping season, and requiring commercial fishers to havefederal shark permits.  跳跃

Bluegrassmusician Bill Monroe, whose repertory, views on musical collaboration, andvocal style influenced generations of bluegrass artists, also inspiredmany musicians, including Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia, whose music differedsignificantly from hisown. 就近

那么这道题

Unableto build nests or care for their young, female cowbirds use the nestsof other birds to lay up to 40 eggs a year, including thoseof  warblers, vireos, flycatchers, and thrushes. × 为什么错误了呢··如果including能跳回前面的其他鸟类

求解答鸭~~~

GGininder

Unable to build nests or care for their young, female cowbirds use the nests of other birds to lay up to 40 eggs a year, including those of warblers, vireos, flycatchers, and thrushes.
我覺得這裡的including 沒有錯，錯的是those 前面的複數名詞有 the nests與 eggs 所以意味不明
另外，判斷awkward應該不是做ＳＣ題主要判斷點吧？

Sarakael

同上， 第二题“including those of”中的"those“ 指代有误。

Those / that 这种代词默认指代前文里离它最近的那个词，在这里就是指代"egg"。 那样的话这句话的意思是 一只cowbird雌鸟不仅能下自己种类的蛋， 还能下别的种族的蛋，明显有误。 原文如果能重新组织语言，把前面半句话以nests结尾应该就没事了。

老白在费城

第一句，不能是which，因为which一定修饰最近的名词。如果是which，就变成了sap gives mouthsores.......

MayCc

GGininder 发表于 2019-1-4 18:10
Unable to build nests or care for their young, female cowbirds use the nests of other birds to lay u ...

emmm，主要是想选一个表达最清楚的句子 感觉有歧义就有点····

MayCc

老白在费城 发表于 2019-1-4 22:18
第一句，不能是which，因为which一定修饰最近的名词。如果是which，就变成了sap gives mouthsores.......
...

which不能跳跃吗···还是that不能跳跃？还是两个中哪个要就近？。。。最近有点懵逼
比如句子+同位语+which？或者句子+插入语+which？

老白在费城

MayCc 发表于 2019-1-5 09:52
which不能跳跃吗···还是that不能跳跃？还是两个中哪个要就近？。。。最近有点懵逼
比如句子+同位语+wh ...

which 一定是跟就近的名词，除非前面的是一堆介词。比如说:

1. I build a house of bricks in 2000, which cost me $100. - 错，因为which前面修饰的是2000年
2. In a house I build a house of bricks, which cost me $100 - 对，而且这里which修饰的是house，因为of bricks 被介词连接修饰house。

除此以外，which前面必须加逗号，且不能跳跃，必须修饰前面最近的名词。

RottenGin

个人觉得including这个用法，在满足三条（后边列举含于先行词，后边名词与先行词同类事物，后面列举不能列举先行词的全部）可以跳跃修饰，即可以利用语义去判断究竟哪个词才是先行词，只要有名词充当先行词就默认正确

RottenGin

老白在费城 发表于 2019-1-5 11:13
which 一定是跟就近的名词，除非前面的是一堆介词。比如说:

1. I build a house of bricks in 2000, whi ...

第一个句子错了是没错，但并不是所有的这种句子都是错的，主要是in 2000修饰的是动词build，属于adv modifier，因此which不能指代和跳跃。但是如果有 S V O in 2000 （这里in 2000是O的必需修饰），which可以跳跃