讨论现在完成时、过去完成时、一般过去时（及throughout，earlier的用法）

Akiii

1、earlier in the year为什么能表达过去的过去？
这个意思是这一年的早些时候，没看到过去的过去的标志。

According to some analysts, the gains in the stock market reflect growing confidence that the economy will avoid the recession 【that many had feared earlier in the year】 and instead come in for a "soft landing," followed by a gradual increase in business activity.

ron的举例是Before the introduction of soft landing mats, high jumpers had been forced to use the western-roll style of jumping. 这个我能理解，就是在介绍之前。介绍这个动作是过去的动作。
解析说in the year表示过去，所以earlier in the year 表示过去的过去。
不理解为什么in the year 表示过去。
明明可以表示将来。
Further opportunities to remove individuals will come later in the year.

2、throughout 的用法？
如果前面的earlier in the year都可以是过去的过去，为什么【在整个20世纪中】不能用过去完成时呢？
throughout是表示整个，我理解是一整段时间。

Many analysts have recently predicted that democratic institutions will develop in China, as the growth of democracy has generally followed industrial development in other countries throughout the 20th century.
(A)has generally followed industrial development 20世纪已经过去，现在有没有follow不知道。所以不能用现在完成时。
(B)generally followed industrial development (OA)
(C)had generally followed industrial development 解析说没有一个过去的动作或者时间点做参考，要在过去的动作之前发生的才行
(D)generally follows industrial development
(E)followed general industrial development

查了词典发现throughout什么时态都能用

可以用一般过去时
Investment banks operating in India have earned nearly as much in the first half of 2007 【as they made throughout last year】 from underwriting stock offerings and advising on takeovers.

一般现在时
The Nile Valley keeps a temperate climate throughout the year.
完成时
Throughout the year has been the development of quality Chaiji 10000, 3000 good seed grafting, planting fruit trees, 20000, planting 1, 100 acres of small grains, planting 3, 000 acres of baicalin

3、综上，我得出的结论是【一般过去时也是可以用于一段时间的。如果只出现了时间词的话】。
比如He worked for two hours.
但是在【有动词的时候，必须按照动作的先后顺序，确定时态】
比如
The results of the company's cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased 5 percent during the first 3 months of this year after it fell over the last two years.

(A) which increased 5 percent during the first 3 months of this year after it fell

这里OG的解释是：The verb tenses do not distinguish between the times at which these indicators occurred; the singular it does not agree with the plural profits.
我的理解是因为出现了【after it fell】这个动作，所以前面increased 必须变成完成时。而不是因为【during the first 3 months 】这个时间段必须用完成时。

I visited my grandparents during the summer holiday. 这句句子没有问题吧。
那么Profits increased 5 percent during the first 3 months.应该也没有问题？
但是我又觉得，sth. increased after it fell 也说得通啊，为什么一定要用完成时呢？

(B) which had increased 5 percent during the first 3 months of this year after it had fallen
(C) which have increased 5 percent during the first 3 months of this year after falling（OA）
(D) with a 5 percent increase during the first 3 months of this year after falling
(E) with a 5 percent increase during the first 3 months of this year after having fallen

请大家讨论~

spicytaco

我遇到这题的时候就因为这个过去完成时而排除了a

看了很多解析，最后终于看到一个比较有sense的解析

According to some analysts, the gains in the stock market reflect growing confidence that the economy will avoid the recession 【that many had feared earlier in the year】 and instead come in for a "soft landing," followed by a gradual increase in business activity.

According to some analysts 就等于 According to what some analysts said , 所以后面是many had feared earlier in the year

这个had feared 发生在some analysts said 之前

Akiii

spicytaco 发表于 2018-10-11 13:05
我遇到这题的时候就因为这个过去完成时而排除了a

看了很多解析，最后终于看到一个比较有sense的解析

这么说是可以理解。但是也是比较牵强的。。不然所有的according to xx research，后面都要用过去完成时？
只能说选项是对比出来的。。。T T

lisa001

第一题：其实是两个动作先后的考虑。今年早些时候担心过经济会出现衰退，再发生股票市场表现好，强调的是先后发生的两个动作，所以用过去完成时。这里和时间标志没有关系，语意决定的。第二题，依然是语意上的考虑。20世纪民主制的发展是作为作者观点的背景信息，和主句的动作关系并不那么强联系，可以理解成不会因为20世纪其他国家不发展中国就发展不出来。用20时间的时间标志也是帮助判断的一个方法。