OG17 SC 708 关于平行结构的问题

李月半

There are several ways to build solid walls using just mud or clay, but the most extensively used method has been the forming of bricks out of mud or clay, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, they are laid in the wall in mud mortar.

A. the forming of bricks out of mud or clay, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, they are laid
B. forming the mud or clay into bricks, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, to lay them
C. having bricks formed from mud or clay, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, they were laid
D. to form the mud or clay into bricks, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, to lay them
E. that bricks were formed from mud or clay, which, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, were laid
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og解释：
The purpose of the sentence is to describe the historically most popular method of building walls. The first clause announces this topic and the second clause describes the particular method. The clearest, most efficient way to accomplish these two pieces of business is to use a parallel structure. The ways to build in the first clause is narrowed to the single way to form and to lay in the second clause. There is no need to alternate the verb phrases between active and passive voice or to shift tenses.
(A) The active gerund phrase the forming of bricks does not fit with the passive verb phrase that follows (they are laid).
(B) The verb phrases forming the mud . . . and to lay them are not parallel.
(C) In addition to faulty parallelism between having bricks formed and they were laid, the tense in the second half of the sentence unaccountably shifts from present to past.
(D) Correct. The phrases to form and to lay in the second clause are parallel to to build in the first clause.
(E) The relative clause beginning with which apparently (but nonsensically) describes the closest nouns, mud or clay, rather than bricks.
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我的问题是，1、D选项中标红的，难道to form和to lay不和前面的to build平行不行吗？
                   2、看到过讲解说，平行的两部分要有相同的语法结构，这里的“相同的语法结构”指什么呢？是前句在一个位置有个介词短语，后句相同位置也要有个介词短语吗？还是说只要主谓宾对主谓宾，主系表对主系表这样就可以了呢？
                   3、平行结构的触发词到底都有哪些呢，除了and，but，or，rather than 和 x，y结构的idiom之外还有什么吗？

先谢谢大家了
               

emmahiggins09

露珠，OG的解释还是不要看了，RON大神曾经说过，OG的解释部分和出题部分不是一群人。所以OG解释可以放弃了。

1/ 这里 to form... to lay 是平行的，和前面的句子么啥关系的。
2/ 对也不对，这个要看情况，有时候在平行的情况下且不会产生歧义的情况下，介词可以省略的。
3/ 平行结构多了， 所有的比较结构都是属于平行考点的；Just as...so.../ such...as....等等等

比如 A is likely to X than B 这个就是有可能是有歧义的：
如果XB是不同范畴的东西而且句意是要比较XB那么这是对的
但是如果是要比较A和B，那么这里要补出B 的位置上的be 动词，来明确表示是和A在比较。

一下是经典例题
Pluto has a highly eccentric orbit and is thus closer to the Sun than Neptune is for 20 years out of every 230-year cycle, even though it is commonly described as the remotest planet in the solar system.

这里Neptune补出了 is  取消了是和Sun 比较的歧义。所以介词要不要补出也是要看情况的。

个人意见：
露珠自己应该整理一份正确句子（或者到论坛上下一份正确句子集合，然后分析其中每一句句子，挑出出其中的平行部分，归纳在一起，做一份平行结构的总结）

李月半

emmahiggins09 发表于 2017-8-1 22:55
露珠，OG的解释还是不要看了，RON大神曾经说过，OG的解释部分和出题部分不是一群人。所以OG解释可以放弃了 ...

哇，谢谢NN！真的一路做过来，感觉og解释里没什么建设性的东西，好多说的模模糊糊