having done的问题

Irenels

根据Ron大神说initial clause修饰subject 又having done 只能做状语修饰动词不能修饰noun的话 那么having done不应该不能放在句首吗

下面都prep原题 having done为什么用放在句首了

Having finally reached a tentative labor agreement with its company's pilots, it must now be determined by the airline's board of directors how the airline can both increase profits and compete more effectively for customers than they did in the past.

(A) it must now be determined by the airline's board of directors how the airline can both increase profits and compete more effectively for customers than they did in the past
(B) it must now be determined by the airline's board of directors how the airline can both increase profits and must compete more effectively than in the past for customers
(C) the airline's board of directors must now determine both how to make the airline increase profits and compete more effectively for customers than they did in the past
(D) the airline's board of directors must now determine how the airline can both increase profits and compete more effectively for customers than it did in the past
(E) the airline's board of directors must now determine how the airline can both increase profits and also how to make it compete more effectively than in the past for customers  

fxxxfxxx

前面一段看不太懂。

Having done 的最主要用法之一就是放在句首修饰主语，表示having done的动作发生在主句之前。

Irenels

fxxxfxxx 发表于 2017-6-1 08:59
前面一段看不太懂。

Having done 的最主要用法之一就是放在句首修饰主语，表示having done的动作发生在主 ...

可是having done不是状语吗 怎么能修饰主语

fxxxfxxx

Irenels 发表于 2017-6-1 14:54
可是having done不是状语吗 怎么能修饰主语

你说的我还是不太懂。

这里Having done就像Present particle一样，是Adv modifier，这种修饰方式是很常见的吧，不能修饰是什么意思？

不用记那么多语法规则（国内很多还是错的)，只要清楚句子的结构和意思就可以了。

Dorinacc

我的理解是 having done 作為動詞修飾語，修飾主句動詞determine，表示在determine之前已經發生的事情，而having done這個動作是由主句主語the airline's board of directors 發出的