【分享】that和which就近指代和跳跃指代的问题

Bug君。

最近一直很搞不清楚这个问题，然后结合网上找的以及RON在Manhattan的一些回答，终于清楚了不少，所以和大家一起分享一下~如果有错误欢迎指正~

which指代的两种情况
1）Noun（就近指代）
2） Noun1 + prep + noun2（跳过noun2直接修饰noun1）
条件：这个prep+ noun2一定要是修饰前面一个noun1的！不能随便一个名词+介词+名词就来了

*****也就是说which既可以就近指代，也可以跨过修饰语直接指代核心词，从语法上两者都可行，具体要看含义。

Eg：
New treatments for cancer, which is the leading killer of American adults over 65（指代cancer）
New treatments for cancer, which are often too expensive for patients to afford（指treatments）
1）        这就是上面说的两种情况
2）        for cancer是treatments的修饰语，符合上述条件，因此两种情况都是可以的，由句子含义决定which指代谁以及谓语动词的形式
3）        第一个例子leading killer肯定指的是cancer，所以which指代cancer
第二个例子对于消费者而言太贵的一定是treatments，所以which指代treatments for cancer

Eg：GWD-13-1
Although she had been known as an effective legislator first in the Texas Senate and later in the United States House of Representatives, Barbara Jordan did not become a nationally recognized figure until 1974, when she participated in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, which were televised nationwide.

hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, which were televised nationwide.

从语义上分析，在电视上播出的只可能是“关于弹劾的听证会的直播”，并不是“弹劾的直播”，而且RN是一个人，也不能用which修饰。所以which修饰的是hearings。而这道题也符合修饰语的条件，hearings是核心词，后面的是它的修饰语，加上从语义上理解，确认which应该指代hearings，谓语动词用复数。

所以最终还是要看意思！meaning很重要！

Bug君。

补充一下Manhattan上RON解释的关于“这个prep+ noun2一定要是修饰前面一个noun1的！不能随便一个名词+介词+名词”的原因

By the way, the "noun1+prep+noun2" thing only applies when the "...+prep+noun2" part is actually a modifier of "noun1".
In other words, "noun1+prep+noun2" should actually be a single unit of thought. It should be "noun1" with some extra description.

Since that's unintelligible garbage (it's too abstract even for me to understand——even though I just wrote it), here's a pair of examples.

Leroy was reading a book on neurochemistry, which he clearly found fascinating.
––> Correct.
"On neurochemistry" actually modifies "a book".
Put another way, "a book on neurochemistry" is actually a thing. A single thing.

Leroy was reading a book on the train, which he clearly found fascinating.
––> If Leroy found the book fascinating, this sentence is incorrect. ("Which" can only modify the train. If Leroy found the train fascinating, then the sentence is technically fine, though in that case it's too weird to make sense in any reasonable context.)
"On the train" does not modify "book".
In other words, "a book on the train" is not a thing. It's a thing (a book) plus a piece of another thing ("on the train", which modifies the action of reading and is nonsense without that action). Since it's not a thing, you can't modify it.

络腮虎子

Mark一下！               

goumaomao

GOOD!

CJHHELEN

楼主我有一个疑问
OG16 119. The World Wildlife Fund has declared that global warming, a phenomenon most scientists agree to be caused by human beings in burning fossil fuels, will create havoc among migratory birds by altering the enviornment in ways harmful to their habitats.
B. a phenomenon most scientists agree that is caused by fossil fuels burned by human beings.
OG 说 that 应该紧接在phenomenon之后于是选择了C选项
C. a phenomenon that most scientists agree is caused by human beings' burning of fossil fuels.

然而GWD-TN11-Q17 Not one of the potential investors is expected to make an effort to buy First Interstate Bank until a merge agreement is signed that includes a provision for penalties if the deal were not to be concluded.
A选项为正确选项，我认为这个句子中的that后的内容也是作为定语从句修饰agreement。that 引导定语从句时，是否一定要紧接在先行词之后呢？

Maksim_Mh

CJHHELEN 发表于 2016-8-23 15:56
楼主我有一个疑问
OG16 119. The World Wildlife Fund has declared that global warming, a phenomenon mo ...

第一个that已经和中心词隔开一个主谓结构了

Irisa700

好像悟了！