OG13 SC55 & SC57, 非限制性定语从句省略掉which后究竟是修饰主语还是宾语

VINDAX

55.Many house builders offer rent-to-buy programs that enable a family with insufficient savings for a conventional down payment to be able to move into new housing and to apply part of the rent to a purchase later.
(A) programs that enable a family with insufficient savings for a conventional down payment to be able to move into new housing and to apply
(B) programs that enable a family with insufficient savings for a conventional down payment to move into new housing and to apply
(C) programs; that enables a family with insufficient savings for a conventional down payment to move into new housing, to apply
(D) programs, which enables a family with insufficient savings for a conventional down payment to move into new housing, applying
(E) programs, which enable a family with insufficient savings for a conventional down payment to be able to move into new housing, applying

关注D的解释，OG说“D：Enables does not agree with the plural subject; applying following a nonrestrictive clause suggests incorrectly that the builders, not the family, are applying the rent.” 也就是OG认为非限制性定语从句“applying……”是修饰主句主语builders的。

再看57题
57.Many of the earliest known images of Hindu deities in India date from the time of the Kushan Empire- fashioned either from the spotted sandstone of Mathura or Gandharan grey schist.

(A) Empire, fashioned either from the spotted sandstone of Mathura or
(B) Empire, fashioned from either the spotted sandstone of Mathura or from
(C) Empire, either fashioned from the spotted sandstone of Mathura or
(D) Empire and either fashioned from the spotted sandstone of Mathura or from
(E) Empire and were fashioned either from the spotted sandstone of Mathura or from

关注A项的解释：Placement of the modifier fashioned... suggests that the Empire (the closest noun), not the images of the deities, was fashioned out of these materials; to parallel either from, the preposition from should also follow or.
也就是说OG认为“fashioned……”这个定语从句修饰的是主句的宾语“empire”。

所以想请问大神，非限制性定语从句究竟是修饰主语还是宾语？ 还是说，本来这就很容易混淆，所以GMAT觉得能不用非限制性定语从句就不用非限制性定语从句？

devilmars

55那个D选项里面, which是非限定性定语从句，也就是说基本可以完全无视，你把这个which从原句子里取掉就能发现这样一来applying只能修饰builders
57那个A里面的过去分词修饰，遵循就近原则，所以只能修饰empire
applying和fashioned这两个都不是定语从句...这个概念不能弄混了...

55选B，57选E

VINDAX

devilmars 发表于 2016-7-12 15:24
55那个D选项里面, which是非限定性定语从句，也就是说基本可以完全无视，你把这个which从原句子里取掉就能 ...

终于有有回复了，感人～～～

梳理一下您的回答，
第一点是，过去分词的修饰对象遵循就近原则；
第二点是，55题的applying只能修饰builders，此处我依然有些疑惑，为什么不能修饰program呢？虽然修饰program的话句意不通，但我感觉这就是这句话的错误之处所在。还请您再点拨一下；
第三点是，不是定语从句的话，请问55的D和57的E这两个选项算是非谓语动词引导的状语从句吗？

devilmars

VINDAX 发表于 2016-7-13 10:37
终于有有回复了，感人～～～

梳理一下您的回答，

第二点，v-ing可以修饰的很广泛，主语，宾语，甚至整个前面的句子，因为有很多可能，所以更要保证不会产生逻辑上的歧义，比如这个题里，applying这个动作的发起者必须是人，不能是program，所以D里面applying修饰builder，然而这个又和本身想表达的意思不一样了。所以你的感觉是对的，如果修饰program句意就不通了，只不过即便是修饰了builder也不通罢了。
第三点，这两个是非谓语动词，也是状语，但就不是从句，从句需要包括一个正常句子都有的核心元素，比如fashioned from xxxx和applying xxx这里面没有主语。从句单独拎出来是可以当一个完整独立的句子来看的。这两个我把他们叫不定式短语或者现在分词短语。