OG16 115 求大神解答！跪谢！！

dudu122

115.  Because there are provisions of the new maritime code that provide that even tiny
islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and oil fields of large sea areas,
they have already stimulated international disputes over uninhabited islands.
(A) Because there are provisions of the new maritime code that provide that
even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and oil fields of
large sea areas, they have already stimulated
(B) Because the new maritime code provides that even tiny islets can be the
basis for claims to the fisheries and oil fields of large sea areas, it has
already stimulated
(C) Even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and oil fields
of large sea areas under provisions of the new maritime code, already
stimulating
(D) Because even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and
oil fields of large sea areas under provisions of the new maritime code, this
has already stimulated
(E) Because even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and
oil fields of large sea areas under provisions of the new maritime code,
which is already stimulating

感觉OG讲的每个选项的排除都那么的模糊和不确定，千行上也找不到这道题的解释。。
还有关于there be 结构我一直没弄懂到底为什么不好
大神能不能给我讲一下每个选项都错在哪？ 跪谢！！！！！

nmamazon

a) “they” 是指 什么？provisions， islets，还是 large sea areas？
b) “it”指maritime code，ok
c) 修饰语【。。stimulating。。】这里说tiny islet 。。。 stimluate，应该是martime code。。 。stimluate。 （verb+ing是修饰前面的clause里的subject。）
d) this 指的是前面整句话 【even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and oil fields of large sea areas under provisions of the new maritime code】，这里dispute的只是maritime code
e) 【which。。。】是修饰语，那这句话是不完整的，because。。。，然后呢？

dudu122

谢谢~
但我觉得D选项中this指代前面一句话也没有问题
D之所以错误是不是因为 this 可能指代前一句话 也可能指代maritime code所以指代不明，而it只能指代maritime code ，所以指代是清晰的

dudu122

nmamazon 发表于 2016-6-2 20:54
a) “they” 是指 什么？provisions， islets，还是 large sea areas？
b) “it”指maritime code，ok
c)  ...

天哪 ！！！！我找到了千行里的这道题！解释的好详细！！急切分享~

语义表达;修饰;句子结构;                    
A.there指代不明;provisions of表达redundant;that provide that表达redundant;they指代不明,有很多合理的复数名词;         
  B.正确;                     
  C.缺少主句;stimulating的主语不明确;句子结构混乱意思不清晰;                 
  D.under provision of表达awkward;this指代不明,且不能单独使用,更不能指代整个句子;                                             
  E.缺少主句;which只能指代maritime code,并不能说明stimulate的整个原因,句子意思错误;

"注意,这里有出现介词短语修饰了,C选项的under provision of更像再修饰sea areas;                                  当你看到comma+modifier要考虑的两个要点（RON）：
1) when you use a COMMA -ING modifier after a clause**, you should actually satisfy TWO requirements:
-- the modifier should modify the action of the preceding clause, as you have stated;
AND
-- the subject of the preceding clause should also make sense as the agent of the -ING action"

"关于D选项this不能裸奔所引发的知识点Ron：
choice (d) uses ""this"" as a standalone pronoun. that's pretty much never acceptable in a formal written sentence.

if you're going to use ""this"", you should use it as an adjective: this thing, this finding, this statistic, etc.

also, here's some ""extra credit"" knowledge:
there ARE constructions that can stand for the abstract information in an entire clause (unlike pronouns, which are limited to standing for actual nouns). chief among these are the COMMA + NOUN modifiers.
however, the presence of ""because"" at the beginning of choice (d) would preclude the use of those modifiers as well.

here's an example:
studies have shown that X is 60 percent of Y, a finding that has shocked most observers.
studies have shown that X is 60 percent of Y; this finding has shocked most observers.
--> both correct. note that ""a finding"", following the comma, or ""this finding"", standing alone after the semicolon, stands for the entirety of the clause that comes before it; you couldn't use ""which"" here, because ""which"" would automatically refer to Y.
"错误的句型：because studies have shown that X is 60 percent of Y, this finding has shocked most observers.
--> incorrect. the presence of ""because"" at the beginning of the first clause means you can't use ""this finding"" anymore.
i don't have any idea what the actual rule is here, but i do know with 100% certainty that these constructions are allowed and disallowed respectively.

C选项的comma+VING结构不对（之前疏忽的一点，又学习了，RON）：

COMMA + -ING modifiers must modify the preceding clause, but the -ING participle must also apply to the subject of the preceding clause.
therefore, the use of that comma+ing modifier would imply that the islets themselves are stimulating disputes. that's not true.

A选项的另外一个错误是redundancy：provisions和provide意思重复；要注意correctness永远是凌驾在clarity之上的！"

"CDE 中对misplaced modifier的解读：

the modifier ""under provisions of the new maritime code"" is placed in a location that is somewhat ambiguous -- it seems to suggest that the sea areas themselves are under those provisions.

(this is certainly not a fatal error, but you should notice it in contrast to the other answer choices, in which that modifier is moved to a more logically sound location).

贴个很有价值的（Q&A）
Q：The fact that ""new maritime code provides that even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and oil fields"". is what is stimulating disputes.  but not the code！

A（Ron）：this way of thinking is too rigid; certain sentences/discussions would become ridiculous if required to adhere to such a standard.

for instance, let's say that an author writes a 300-page book that contains a couple of very controversial statements on pages 48 and 49.
in this case, it would be perfectly acceptable to refer to the book as ""controversial""; one would not need to refer to the exact statements in the book that caused the controversy.
(in fact, it would even be acceptable to refer to the author as ""controversial"", too, for making those statements.)"

dudu122

看完之后要开心哭了！！呜呜 听RON讲课真是有种如沐春风的感觉T T

草木深深

Mark一下！               

chanelxql

C 选项有疑问 求助大神解答
EVEN 是否等同于even though？
可以不可以理解成“，ing”前边的 整体 stimultaing？
谢谢！

liyeeeeee

chanelxql 发表于 2019-8-6 07:20
C 选项有疑问 求助大神解答
EVEN 是否等同于even though？
可以不可以理解成“，ing”前边的 整体 stimulta ...

同学你好！
even单独使用是adv用法，有"甚至“的意思，例如：I can't even swim, never mind dive.我连游泳都不会，更不用说潜水了。
C，想表达的意思也可以大致翻译为：在条款下，连小岛都可以成为索取……的依据，更不用说（）引起较大的岛屿的国际争端。这里的（）如果按照C的句子，simulating的逻辑主语是tiny islets, 小岛引起较大岛屿争端，逻辑不对，应该是code引起的。
这里你说的前面整体stimulating更不符合逻辑，具体的4楼有贴ron的解答，你可以看一下~
因此C选项是不正确的。

我最近也在备考GMAT，一起加油鸭！

chanelxql

liyeeeeee 发表于 2019-8-27 11:24
同学你好！
even单独使用是adv用法，有"甚至“的意思，例如：I can't even swim, never mind dive.我连游 ...

谢谢！even的确是副词。另外还是对，ing不太理解。如果按照四楼的说法，那OG2015的这道题也说不通啊？
In a plan to stop the erosion of East Coast beaches, the Army Corps of Engineers proposed building parallel to shore a breakwater of rocks that would rise six feet above the waterline and act as a buffer, so that it absorbs the energy of crashing waves and protecting the beaches.
(A) act as a buffer, so that it absorbs
(B) act like a buffer so as to absorb
(C) act as a buffer, absorbing
(D) acting as a buffer, absorbing
(E) acting like a buffer, absorb
还有这个：
I dropped the bags onto the floor, scaring the dogs.
My friend saw me drop the bags onto the floor, scaring the dogs.
上面这两个句子都是正确的。(By Ron)

liyeeeeee

chanelxql 发表于 2019-9-22 10:25
谢谢！even的确是副词。另外还是对，ing不太理解。如果按照四楼的说法，那OG2015的这道题也说不通啊？
In ...

我最近在重新检讨做SC的步骤。首先要知道题干整句要表达的意思。对于115这道题，如果理解了句子的意思，就不难排除C选项。就像我之前说的，是code发出stimulate这个动作，而不是小岛引起争端，导致岛屿的国际争端。
然后回到comma+v-ing这个结构来说。
OG2015这道题，最有可能在AC中徘徊。A中absorbs和protecting不平行。C的absorbing修饰act as a buffer，表这个动作的结果。
你给的两个例句也是表示动作的结果。
但是不能直接说comma+v-ing的结构是错的，还是要根据句意来判断。og2015中说作为一个buffer，能吸收energy……absorb和protect确实和buffer有联系，两个例句同理。但是115题中，前半句不能导致后半句的结果。如果从v-ing逻辑主语的角度说，tiny islet也不是stimulate的主语。
最后还想强调一下原句意思的重要性。原句说：由于code的条款让小岛成为索赔的基础，它们（条款）也刺激了大岛屿的国际争端（翻译有点不好，凑合地看叭），而C选项改变了句子重心为tiny island这件事，把真正的重点[条款……]降为介词短语做修饰成分，所以C也不能选。
说了很多，希望你能看懂，不懂我们再交流~