OG-220 与 855-A-10 同位语结构的比较

welkin

220. For almost a hundred years after having its begin­ning in 1788, England exiled some 160,000 criminals to Australia.

(A)  For almost a hundred years after having its beginning in 1788,

(B)   Beginning in 1788 for a period of a hundred years,

(C)  Beginning a period of almost a hundred years, in 1788

(D)  During a hundred years, a period beginning in 1788,

(E)   Over a period of a hundred years beginning in 1788,

Aside from being wordy and awkward, choice A is illogical: because its refers grammatically to England, A states non­sensically that England had its beginning in 1788. Choice B is similarly illogical, because the initial verb phrase Begin­ning in 1788 ... modifies England, the subject of the main clause. Choice C is imprecise, saying that England in 1788 was Beginning a period... but not conveying the sense that anything happened within that period. Choice D is awkward and unidiomatic, and nonsensically suggests that a hundred years is defined as a period beginning in 1788. Precise and idiomatically phrased, choice E is best.

10.   Most primates are immune to feline rhinovirus, but a specific group, this being the golden macaques, are highly susceptible to the organism.

(A) a specific group, this being the golden macaques, are highly susceptible to

(B) a specific group, the golden macaques, is highly susceptible to

(C) one group, specifically golden macaques, is highly susceptible of

(D) a specific group, the golden macaques, which are highly susceptible to（B）

(E) a specific group, the golden macaques, which are highly susceptible of

我做OG220的时候, 对D的错误总结为,同位语要有解释力,范围应该比被同位词范围大, 做错了A-10以后,发现这个总结是有问题的. 但我不明白的是OG220说," A,B"这种结构是A is defined as B, 那为什么A-10里面就不是把a specific group定义为the golden macaques了?感觉如果是定义应该是把the golden macaques定义为a specific group才对啊?  当时就是因为这个考虑所有没有敢选BDE

请大家给我指点指点

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-7-7 11:26:01编辑过]

likui

我觉得“A，B”同位语，A最好有所限定，specific就起了这样的作用；

没有限定的100年本可以放到历史的任何阶段，如从1900-2000这百年；但是如像第一题，a hundred years定义为1788-1888了，我们就无法用a hundred years来表达1900-2000了。

你说的A is defined as B（a hundred years is defined as a period beginning in 1788）正是第一题D选项错误的原因。而第二题的B选项就没有犯这样的问题。

welkin

还是不明白哦，那为什么第二题的B就没有犯这样的错误的呢？因为有special限制？ 但不一定只有一个group是special的啊。如果只是因为前面的名词有限定，那year前面还有hundred限定呢，但我们仍然不能把hundred years 定义为1788-1888，因为前者的所包含的内容比后者多很多。
与此相同，我觉得a special group也比the golden macaques包含的内容多很多（a golden macaques 是一个special group，a argent macaques也可能是一个special group），但题目却是把a special group定义为了the golden macaques，我感觉是和第一题的D犯了类似的错误

现在不知道应该如何使用OG220的解释里面“nonsensically suggests that a hundred years is defined as a period beginning in 1788” 的规则了

大家救我啊....

harlequin

我做的时候一是在D和E之间徘徊，最后选的是E，理由是D选项a period beginning in 1788可能被理解为修饰England，虽然这种修饰是不合逻辑的，但至少这种表述是不够清晰的。从同位语的角度实在还是想不明白。请NN再加指正！

lulu_odin

pumpkinhuo

4楼明鉴。

wangxuanfu

我觉得要从逻辑意思来看，如果

wangxuanfu

我觉得要从逻辑意思来看，如果

(D)During a hundred years, a period beginning in 1788,
中的a period beginning in 1788是a hundred years的同位语，那么我们就应该可以把 a period beginning in 1788去掉，整个句子很要能完整地表达文章的愿意。
显然
During a hundred years, England exciled some 16,000 crimanals to Australia. 不能完整的表达作者的愿意。作者原意是强调从1788年开始的100年。
而后一题，如果把 the golden macaques去掉不会改变句子愿意，整个句子还能完整的表达：有一种特殊的group是个例外，它很容易受到侵害，前面的clause的转折关系。